Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24566521›Full record

ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2014

Design of prodrugs to enhance colonic absorption by increasing lipophilicity and blocking ionization.

Rebecca Nofsinger, Sophie-Dorothee Clas, Rosa I Sanchez, Abbas Walji, Kimberly Manser, Becky Nissley, Jaume Balsells, Amrithraj Nair, Qun Dang, David Jonathan Bennett and 8 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 28% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Rebecca NofsingerBiopharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Science, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA. Rebecca_nofsinger@merck.com.
Sophie-Dorothee ClasDiscovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA. sdclas@pharmasolv.com.
Rosa I SanchezPharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA. Rosa_Sanchez@merck.com.
Abbas WaljiMedicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA. Abbas_Walji@merck.com.
Kimberly ManserBiopharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Science, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA. Kimberly_Manser@merck.com.
Becky NissleyBiopharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Science, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA. Becky_Nissley@merck.com.
Jaume BalsellsProcess Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA. Jaume_Balsells@merck.com.
Amrithraj NairToxicology, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA. Amrithraj_Nair@merck.com.
Qun DangMedicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA. Qun_Dang@merck.com.
David Jonathan BennettMedicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA. Jonathan.Bennett@merck.com.
Michael HafeyPharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA. Michael_Hafey@merck.com.
Junying WangPharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA. Junying_Wang@merck.com.
John HigginsDiscovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA. John_Higgins3@merck.com.
Allen TempletonDiscovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA. Allen_Templeton@merck.com.
Paul ColemanMedicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA. Paul_Coleman@merck.com.
Jay GroblerBiology, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA. Jay_Grobler@merck.com.
Ronald SmithFormulation Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA. Ronald_Smithl@merck.com.
Yunhui WuBiopharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Science, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA. Yunhui_Wu@merck.com.
United States Military Academy · USMerck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Prodrugs are chemistry-enabled drug delivery modifications of active molecules designed to enhance their pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and/or biopharmaceutical properties. Ideally, prodrugs are efficiently converted in vivo, through chemical or enzymatic transformations, to the active parent molecule. The goal of this work is to enhance the colonic absorption of a drug molecule with a short half-life via a prodrug approach to deliver sustained plasma exposure and enable once daily (QD) dosing. The compound has poor absorption in the colon and by the addition of a promoiety to block the ionization of the molecule as well as increase lipophilicity, the relative colonic absorption increased from 9% to 40% in the retrograde dog colonic model. A combination of acceptable solubility and stability in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) as well as permeability was used to select suitable prodrugs to optimize colonic absorption.

Identifiers

PMID24566521
PMCPMC3942693
OpenAlexW2048636528

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.