Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24566240›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry2014

Daily stressors and adult day service use by family caregivers: effects on depressive symptoms, positive mood, and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate.

Steven H Zarit, Courtney A Whetzel, Kyungmin Kim, Elia E Femia, David M Almeida, Michael J Rovine, Laura Cousino Klein

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. DHEA: a neglected biological signal that may affect fetal and child development.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2024
    Article
  5. Article
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  8. Article
  9. A Logic Model for Evaluation and Planning in an Adult Day Care for Disabled Japanese Old People.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Diurnal salivary alpha-amylase dynamics among dementia family caregivers.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2017
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Does the "widowhood effect" precede spousal bereavement? Results from a nationally representative sample of older adults.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2015
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Steven H ZaritDepartment of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. Electronic address: szarit@psu.edu.
Courtney A WhetzelDepartment of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
Kyungmin KimDepartment of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
Elia E FemiaDepartment of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
David M AlmeidaDepartment of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
Michael J RovineDepartment of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
Laura Cousino KleinDepartment of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; Institute of the Neurosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.

Funding

Daily Stress, Health and Well-Being of Family CaregiversR01AG031758 · NIA · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI ZARIT, STEVEN H · 2009 to 2013
$2.2M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG031758
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study examines effects of daily use of adult day service (ADS) programs by caregivers of individuals with dementia (IWD) on a salivary biomarker of stress reactivity, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), and whether these effects on DHEA-S are associated with daily variability in positive mood and depressive symptoms.

methodsWe used a daily diary design of 8 consecutive days with alternation of intervention (ADS) and nonintervention days to evaluate within- and between-person effects of the intervention. Family caregivers (N = 151) of IWD who were using ADS were interviewed daily by telephone at home. Saliva samples were collected from caregivers five times a day for 8 consecutive days and were assayed for DHEA-S. Daily telephone interviews assessed daily stressors and mood.

resultsDHEA-S levels were significantly higher on days after ADS use. Daily DHEA-S levels covaried significantly with daily positive mood but not with depressive symptoms.

conclusionThese results demonstrate an association of ADS use by family caregivers and higher DHEA-S levels on the next day. Prior research has found that higher DHEA-S levels are protective against the physiologic damaging effects of stressor exposure and may reduce risks of illness. Regular use of ADS may help reduce depletion of DHEA-S and allow the body to mount a protective and restorative response to the physiologic demands of caregiving. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine DHEA-S levels across the day in connection with an intervention that affected daily exposure to stressors.

Indexed as

AdultAffectAgedAged, 80 and overBiomarkersCaregiversDay Care, MedicalDehydroepiandrosterone SulfateDementiaDepressionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedStress, PsychologicalBiomarkersDehydroepiandrosterone Sulfateadult day servicesCaregivingDHEA-Spositive moodstress

Identifiers

PMID24566240
PMCPMC4119567

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.