ReviewThe Journal of emergency medicine2014
Synthetic cathinones ("bath salts").
Review in The Journal of emergency medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed.
- From dust till dawn: patterns, motives, and risks of using smokable synthetic cathinones.Harm reduction journal · 2026Observational
- Review
- Spectroscopic and Chromatographic Characterization of Two Isomeric Cathinone Derivatives:Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comprehensive evaluation of the toxicological effects of commonly encountered synthetic cathinones using in silico methods.Toxicology research · 2025Article
- Disposition and effects of alpha-pyrrolidinoisohexanophenone (α-PHiP) in comparison with cocaine: an observational study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Acute pharmacological effects of α-PVP in humans: a naturalistic observational study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Synthetic Cathinones' Comprehensive Screening and Classification by Voltammetric and Chemometric Analyses: A Powerful Method for On-Site Forensic Applications.Analytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Dopamine Concentration Changes Associated with the Retrodialysis of Methylone and 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) into the Caudate Putamen.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Balancing Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of MDMA and Novel MDXX Analogues as Novel Treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorder.Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2023Review
- Pharmaco-Toxicological Effects of Atypical Synthetic Cathinone Mephtetramine (MTTA) in Mice: Possible Reasons for Its Brief Appearance over NPSs Scene.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- An updated review on synthetic cathinones.Archives of toxicology · 2021Review
- Article
- Molecularly imprinted polymers in toxicology: a literature survey for the last 5 years.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Review
- Human Neuronal Cell Lines as An In Vitro Toxicological Tool for the Evaluation of Novel Psychoactive Substances.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Psychoactive Drugs-From Chemical Structure to Oxidative Stress Related to Dopaminergic Neurotransmission. A Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Spectral trends in GC-EI-MS data obtained from the SWGDRUG mass spectral library and literature: A resource for the identification of unknown compounds.Forensic chemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2020Article
- Flakka: New Dangerous Synthetic Cathinone on the Drug Scene.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Synthetic psychoactive cathinones: hypothermia and reduced lethality compared to methamphetamine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2020Article
- Psychoactive Bath Salts and Neurotoxicity Risk.Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2020Review
- Abuse potential and toxicity of the synthetic cathinones (i.e., "Bath salts").Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2020Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSynthetic cathinones are popularly referred to in the media as "bath salts." Through the direct and indirect activation of the sympathetic nervous system, smoking, snorting, or injecting synthetic cathinones can result in tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, myocardial infarction, and death.
objectiveThe chemical structures and names of bath salts identified by the Ohio Attorney General's Bureau of Criminal Investigation are presented. Based on their common pharmacophores, we review the history, pharmacology, toxicology, detection methods, and clinical implications of synthetic cathinones. Through the integration of this information, the pharmacological basis for the management of patients using synthetic cathinones is presented. DISCUSSION: Synthetic cathinones activate central serotonergic and dopaminergic systems contributing to acute psychosis and the peripheral activation of the sympathetic nervous system. The overstimulation of the sympathetic nervous system contributes to the many toxicities reported with bath salt use. The pharmacological basis for managing these patients is targeted at attenuating the activation of these systems.
conclusionsTreatment of patients presenting after using bath salts should be focused on reducing agitation and psychosis and supporting renal perfusion. The majority of successfully treated synthetic cathinones cases have used benzodiazepines and antipsychotics along with general supportive care.
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