ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2014
A follow-up study of maternal expressed emotion toward children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): relation with severity and persistence of ADHD and comorbidity.
Article in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Expressed Emotion in the Family: A Meta-Analytic Review of Expressed Emotion as a Mechanism of the Transgenerational Transmission of Mental Disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Expressed emotion and long-term outcome among adolescents with anorexia nervosa.The International journal of eating disorders · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Does pharmacological treatment of ADHD in adults enhance parenting performance? Results of a double-blind randomized trial.CNS drugs · 2014Trial
- The Relationship Between Familial Functioning and Social Media Use Among Children with Depression and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Comparative Study with Healthy Controls.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A randomized controlled trial for evaluating the effects of an online mindfulness-based intervention for parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a study protocol.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Analysing Digital Engagement Patterns: A Machine Learning Investigation into Social Anxiety Among Adolescents with ADHD.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Associations between Computationally Derived Parent Emotional Sentiment Scores and Child ADHD and ODD Over Time.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2024Article
- Joint polygenic and environmental risks for childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ADHD symptom dimensions.JCPP advances · 2023Article
- Parental rejection in early adolescence predicts a persistent ADHD symptom trajectory across adolescence.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2023Article
- Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms and parental cognitions: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Understanding Problematic Social Media Use in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Narrative Review and Clinical Recommendations.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Parental positive regard and expressed emotion-prediction of developing attention deficit, oppositional and callous unemotional problems between preschool and school age.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2021Article
- The importance of parental knowledge in the association between ADHD symptomatology and related domains of impairment.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2021Article
- Family Processes and Child Psychopathology: A Between- and Within-Family/Child Analysis.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2021Article
- Evidence of concurrent and prospective associations between early maltreatment and ADHD through childhood and adolescence.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2019Article
- Children's Reward and Punishment Sensitivity Moderates the Association of Negative and Positive Parenting Behaviors in Child ADHD Symptoms.Journal of abnormal child psychology · 2018Article
- Risk factors for comorbid oppositional defiant disorder in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2017Article
- Testing differential susceptibility: Plasticity genes, the social environment, and their interplay in adolescent response inhibition.The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry · 2017Article
- Externalizing Outcomes of Youth with and without ADHD: Time-Varying Prediction by Parental ADHD and Mediated Effects.Journal of abnormal child psychology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with conflicted parent-child relationships. The underlying mechanisms of this association are not yet fully understood. We investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between externalizing psychopathology in children with ADHD, and expressed emotion (EE; warmth and criticism) and psychopathology in mothers.
methodIn this 6-year follow-up study, 385 children with an ADHD combined subtype were included at baseline (mean, 11.5 years, 83.4% male), of which 285 children (74%) were available at follow-up (mean, 17.5 years, 83.5% male). At both time points, measures of child psychopathology (i.e., ADHD severity, oppositional, and conduct problems), maternal EE, and maternal psychopathology (i.e., ADHD and affective problems) were obtained.
resultsEE was not significantly correlated over time. At baseline, we found a nominally negative association (p ≤ .05) between maternal warmth and child ADHD severity. At follow-up, maternal criticism was significantly associated with child oppositional problems, and nominally with child conduct problems. Maternal warmth was nominally associated with child oppositional and conduct problems. These associations were independent of maternal psychopathology. No longitudinal associations were found between EE at baseline and child psychopathology at follow-up, or child psychopathology at baseline and EE at follow-up.
conclusionsThe results support previous findings of cross-sectional associations between parental EE and child psychopathology. This, together with the finding that EE was not stable over 6 years, suggests that EE is a momentary state measure varying with contextual and developmental factors. EE does not appear to be a risk factor for later externalizing behavior in children with ADHD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.