Trial reportJournal of translational medicine2014
The immunological and clinical effects of mutated ras peptide vaccine in combination with IL-2, GM-CSF, or both in patients with solid tumors.
Trial report in Journal of translational medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Lymph node-targeted, mKRAS-specific amphiphile vaccine in pancreatic cancer: the randomized phase 2 AMPLIFY-7P trial.Nature medicine · 2026Article
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- Cancer vaccines as enablers of immunotherapy.Nature immunology · 2025Review
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- Signaling pathways involved in colorectal cancer: pathogenesis and targeted therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Redefining the battle against colorectal cancer: a comprehensive review of emerging immunotherapies and their clinical efficacy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Clinical Applications of Combined Immunotherapy Approaches in Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Case-Based Review.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Effect of Secretion Efficiency of Mutant KRAS Neoantigen byInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Therapeutic cancer vaccination against mutant calreticulin in myeloproliferative neoplasms induces expansion of specific T cells in the periphery but specific T cells fail to enrich in the bone marrow.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Immunization with nanovaccines containing mutated K-Ras peptides and imiquimod aggravates heterotopic pancreatic cancer induced in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Advancements of Common Gamma-Chain Family Cytokines in Cancer Immunotherapy.Immune network · 2022Review
- Neoantigen: A Promising Target for the Immunotherapy of Colorectal Cancer.Disease markers · 2022Review
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- The role of immunogenic cell death in gastrointestinal cancer immunotherapy (Review).Biomedical reports · 2021Review
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- Strategies to tackle RAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer.ESMO open · 2021Review
- Therapeutic Cancer Vaccination With a Peptide Derived From the Calreticulin Exon 9 Mutations Induces Strong Cellular Immune Responses in Patients WithFrontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- A Neoantigen-Based Peptide Vaccine for Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Refractory to Standard Treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Personalized Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancers: Where Do We Stand?Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMutant Ras oncogenes produce proteins that are unique to cancer cells and represent attractive targets for vaccine therapy. We have shown previously that vaccinating cancer patients with mutant ras peptides is feasible and capable of inducing a specific immune response against the relevant mutant proteins. Here, we tested the mutant ras peptide vaccine administered in combination with low dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) or/and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in order to enhance the vaccine immune response.
methods5000 μg of the corresponding mutant ras peptide was given subcutaneously (SQ) along with IL-2 (Arm A), GM-CSF (Arm B) or both (Arm C). IL-2 was given SQ at 6.0 million IU/m²/day starting at day 5, 5 days/week for 2 weeks. GM-CSF was given SQ in a dose of 100 μg/day one day prior to each ras peptide vaccination for 4 days. Vaccines were repeated every 5 weeks on arm A and C, and every 4 weeks on arm B, for a maximum of 15 cycles or until disease progression.
resultsWe treated 53 advanced cancer patients (38 with colorectal, 11 with pancreatic, 1 with common bile duct and 3 with lung) on 3 different arms (16 on arm A, 18 on arm B, and 19 on arm C). The median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was 3.6 and 16.9 months, respectively, for all patients evaluable for clinical response (n = 48). There was no difference in PFS or OS between the three arms (P = 0.73 and 0.99, respectively). Most adverse events were grade 1-2 toxicities and resolved spontaneously. The vaccine induced an immune response to the relevant ras peptide in a total of 20 out of 37 evaluable patients (54%) by ELISPOT, proliferative assay, or both. While 92.3% of patients on arm B had a positive immune response, only 31% of patients on arm A and 36% of patients on arm C had positive immune responses (P = 0.003, Fisher's exact test).
conclusionsThe reported data showed that IL-2 might have a negative effect on the specific immune response induced by the relevant mutant ras vaccine in patients with advanced cancer. This observation deserves further investigations.
trial registrationNCI97C0141.
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