ArticleParasites & vectors2014
Evidence for perennial malaria in rural and urban areas under the Sudanian climate of Kandi, Northeastern Benin.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Urban malaria and population mobility in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2025Pooled it
- Malaria prevalence and transmission in the Zakpota sub-district of central Benin: baseline characteristics for a community randomised trial of a new insecticide for indoor residual spraying.Parasites & vectors · 2024Trial
- Spatio-temporal heterogeneity of urban malaria in Libreville, Gabon (2012-2023): neighborhood-level hotspot analysis for micro-stratified control.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Does climate change influence the spread of malaria in Benin? Insights from ecological niche modeling for surveillance efforts.International health · 2026Article
- Housing and household characteristics associated with malaria vectors abundance and clinical malaria incidence in a semi-urban and a rural area of Burkina Faso.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Measuring entomological parameters before implementing a study on asymptomatic carriers of Plasmodium falciparum in the Zè District in southern Benin.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Article
- Bayesian spatial modelling of malaria burden in two contrasted eco-epidemiological facies in Benin (West Africa): call for localized interventions.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Article
- An urban-to-rural continuum of malaria risk: new analytic approaches characterize patterns in Malawi.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Urban malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: dynamic of the vectorial system and the entomological inoculation rate.Malaria journal · 2021Review
- Article
- Behavioural plasticity of Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles arabiensis undermines LLIN community protective effect in a Sudanese-savannah village in Burkina Faso.Parasites & vectors · 2020Article
- Baseline entomologic data on malaria transmission in prelude to an indoor residual spraying intervention in the regions of Alibori and Donga, Northern Benin, West Africa.Malaria journal · 2018Article
- Schistosoma haematobium effects on Plasmodium falciparum infection modified by soil-transmitted helminths in school-age children living in rural areas of Gabon.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Article
- School-based malaria prevalence: informative systematic surveillance measure to assess epidemiological impact of malaria control interventions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.Malaria journal · 2018Article
- Low use of artemisinin-based combination therapy for febrile children under five and barriers to correct fever management in Benin: a decade after WHO recommendation.BMC public health · 2018Article
- A geo-coded inventory of anophelines in the Afrotropical Region south of the Sahara: 1898-2016.Wellcome open research · 2017Article
- Urban Malaria: Understanding its Epidemiology, Ecology, and Transmission Across Seven Diverse ICEMR Network Sites.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn arid settings, droughts usually lead to periods of very low or no malaria transmission. However, in rural Kandi (Sonsoro) in northeastern Benin, several malaria cases are often diagnosed during dry seasons. The underlying factors accounting for this phenomenon remain unknown.
methodsThe entomological profile of Sonsoro has been studied compared to a location in urban Kandi (Gansosso) for a period of one year. During this period, Anopheles larval habitats were investigated and populations of Anopheles gambiae s.l. were sampled by human landing catches in both areas. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) were conducted on vector specimens and the entomological inoculation rates (EIR) were determined per season (wet versus dry) in each area. In addition, during the severe drought period, Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) were conducted on school children under the age 10 years in these areas to provide a global view of drought-malaria prevalence and to perform a crossing with entomological data in Kandi.
resultsOverall, An. gambiae s.l. was particularly abundant in rural Kandi compared to the urban area with a significant decrease of vector density in both sites during the dry season. In this period, larval sampling data identified household water sources as potential breeding sites in urban and rural Kandi. We also observed a significant seasonal variation of the infectivity rate in both areas but for each period (season), the EIR was higher in the rural site than in the urban. Data of P. falciparum detection was the reflection of entomological findings. The drought-malaria prevalence was 5.5 times higher in rural Kandi as compared to urban Kandi. The presence of a permanent water site and the low level of urbanization in rural Kandi were identified as a risk factor.
conclusionOur data showed a high level of malaria transmission in the municipality of Kandi. Household water source plays an important role in maintaining the breeding of anopheles larvae and the malaria transmission in Kandi. In rural settings, the proximity to permanent water sites could probably be the aggravating factor.
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