ArticleVirology journal2014
Epidemiological aspects of HCV infection in non-injecting drug users in the Brazilian state of Pará, eastern Amazon.
Article in Virology journal, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors Correlating to the Development of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Drug Users-Findings from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Hepatitis C Virus Cascade of Care After the Introduction of Direct-Acting Antiviral Medications in Suriname.Cureus · 2025Article
- HCV-HIV Chronic Coinfection Prevalence in Amazon Region.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Phylogenetic and Phylodynamic Analyses of HCV Strains Circulating among Patients Using Injectable Drugs in Central Italy.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Risk of hepatitis C virus infection in injecting and noninjecting drug users receiving opioid substitution therapy.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2020Article
- Distribution of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) and Hepatitis C Co-infection in Bahia, Brazil.PloS one · 2020Article
- Hepatitis C Virus among Female Sex Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study Conducted along Rivers and Highways in the Amazon Region.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Hepatitis C virus infection status and associated factors among a multi-site sample of people who used illicit drugs in the Amazon region.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- The geographic variation and spatiotemporal distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in Libya: 2007-2016.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C virus infection among alcoholic individuals: importance of screening and vaccination.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2017Article
- Epidemic History of Hepatitis C Virus among Patients with Inherited Bleeding Disorders in Iran.PloS one · 2016Article
- Using qualitative data, people's perceptions, and the science of decision making to inform policy and improve hepatitis C care for people who use drugs.The International journal on drug policy · 2015Article
- Possible factors affecting thyroid dysfunction in hepatitis C virus-infected untreated patients.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2014Article
- Establishing an Epidemiologic Profile of Hepatitis C Virus Infection at the Los Angeles County Jail.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCurrently, sharing of drug paraphernalia is the main form of HCV transmission worldwide. In South America, consistent findings indicate that shared sniffing equipment is an important factor in the spread of HCV among non-injecting drug users. Epidemiological data on the status of HCV infection in illicit drug users in the Amazon region are scarce, although reports of clinical cases of hepatitis or pathologies associated with HCV infection in other population groups are numerous. Thereby, this study investigated the prevalence, genotype frequency, and epidemiological factors associated with HCV infection in non-injecting drug users in the state of Pará, eastern Amazon.
resultsDuring 2008-2011, 300 non-injecting drug users attending drug-treatment centers participated in this study. Most non-injecting drug users were male (63.7%). The mean age was 32.5 years. The non-injecting drugs most consumed were: cannabis (15.6%), cocaine paste (21.3%), and oxi cocaine (25.7%). Tobacco (60.9%) and alcohol (79.4%) were also commonly consumed. One hundred six (35.1%; CI 95%: 29.8 - 41.1) non-injecting drug users presented anti-HCV antibodies by EIA. The HCV-RNA prevalence was 28.0% (95% CI: 20.6 - 35.8). Genotypes 1 (76.9%) and 3 (23.1%) of HCV have been identified. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that HCV infection was independently associated with the following factors: "age (≥ 35 years)", "tattoos", "use of a needle or syringe sterilized at home", "shared use of drug paraphernalia", "uses drugs for more than 5 years", and "use of drugs everyday".
conclusionsThis study revealed a high prevalence of HCV infection in non-injecting drug users, and most infections are occasioned by genotype 1. Likely, HCV transmission is associated with the tattoos, the use of needle or syringe sterilized at home by people over the age of 35 years, and sharing, time and frequency of use of non-injecting drugs. These findings should serve as an incentive for the establishment of a program of Hepatitis C prevention and control by the local public-health authorities in order to develop effective policies and strategies for contain the spread of HCV infection.
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