SynthesisBMC public health2013
Vaccines for the prevention of diarrhea due to cholera, shigella, ETEC and rotavirus.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Community-level interventions for mitigating the risk of waterborne diarrheal diseases: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic review of the economic value of diarrheal vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Pooled it
- Characterization of Mucosal Immune Responses to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Vaccine Antigens in a Human Challenge Model: Response Profiles after Primary Infection and Homologous Rechallenge with Strain H10407.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2016Trial
- Thirty-one-year trends in diarrheal mortality and disability-adjusted life years attributable to lack of handwashing facilities.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Determinants of diarrheal diseases among patients attending public health centers in Addis Ababa and Hossana, Ethiopia: a matched case-control study.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for enteric infections from 1990 to 2019.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Suboptimal Bacteriological Quality of Household Water in Municipal Ibadan, Nigeria.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Predictive modeling for infectious diarrheal disease in pediatric populations: A systematic review.Learning health systems · 2024Article
- Marginal Zinc Deficiency Aggravated Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Inflammation through ETEC Virulence Factors in a Mouse Model of Diarrhea.Veterinary sciences · 2022Article
- Association of increased duration of legislated paid maternity leave with childhood diarrhoea prevalence in low-income and middle-income countries: difference-in-differences analysis.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2020Article
- Childhood diarrhoeal diseases in developing countries.Heliyon · 2020Review
- Development, Interlaboratory Evaluations, and Application of a Simple, High-ThroughputmSphere · 2018Article
- Hypoxia induces senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via altered gut microbiota.Nature communications · 2018Article
- Cholera diagnosis in human stool and detection in water: protocol for a systematic review of available technologies.Systematic reviews · 2018Article
- Article
- Clinical features, risk factors, and impact of antibiotic treatment of diarrhea caused byInfection and drug resistance · 2018Article
- Risk Factors for Childhood Stunting in 137 Developing Countries: A Comparative Risk Assessment Analysis at Global, Regional, and Country Levels.PLoS medicine · 2016Article
- Monoclonal Antibodies to Shigella Lipopolysaccharide Are Useful for Vaccine Production.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2016Article
- The different ecological niches of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.Environmental microbiology · 2016Review
- Current issues and priorities in childhood nutrition, growth, and infections.The Journal of nutrition · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiarrhea is a leading cause of mortality in children under 5 years along with its long-term impact on growth and cognitive development. Despite advances in the understanding of diarrheal disorders and management strategies, globally nearly 750,000 children die annually as a consequence of diarrhea.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review of the efficacy and effectiveness studies. We used a standardized abstraction and grading format and performed meta-analyses for all outcomes. The estimated effect of cholera, shigella, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and rotavirus vaccines was determined by applying the standard Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) rules.
resultsA total of 24 papers were selected and analyzed for all the four vaccines. Based on the evidence, we propose a 74% mortality reduction in rotavirus specific mortality, 52% reduction in cholera incidence due to their respective vaccines. We did not find sufficient evidence and a suitable outcome to project mortality reductions for cholera, ETEC and shigella in children under 5 years.
conclusionVaccines for rotavirus and cholera have the potential to reduce diarrhea morbidity and mortality burden. But there is no substantial evidence of efficacy for ETEC and shigella vaccines, although several promising vaccine concepts are moving from the development and testing pipeline towards efficacy and Phase 3 trials.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.