ReviewEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2014
Pneumococcal empyema and complicated pneumonias: global trends in incidence, prevalence, and serotype epidemiology.
Review in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complicated pneumococcal pneumonia in the era of higher-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis, 2001-2022.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Against Invasive Disease Caused by Serotype 3 in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Pooled it
- Pneumococcal serotype distribution: A snapshot of recent data in pediatric and adult populations around the world.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2017Pooled it
- Long-term cardiopulmonary function in children treated for empyema: comparison of chest drain with fibrinolytics and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- The Alteplase Dose Assessment for Pleural Infection Therapy (ADAPT) Study-3: Efficacy and Safety of 1 mg Alteplase as a Starting Intrapleural Dose.Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · 2026Article
- Impact of Pneumococcal Vaccination on the Occurrence of Complicated Pneumonia in Children: A Retrospective Analysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Role and Safety of Aluminum Adjuvants in Childhood Vaccines.Pediatrics · 2026Review
- Pediatric necrotizing pneumonia caused by mixed infection with influenza A virus and Panton-Valentine Leucocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus: case report and literature review.BMC pediatrics · 2025Review
- Evidence for early circulation of the M1UK sublineage of Streptococcus pyogenes in Germany, 2015-2023.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Disease Progression of Severe Pneumonia in a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia.Ethiopian journal of health sciences · 2025Article
- Clinical and microbiological characteristics of pediatric patients hospitalized for pneumococcal pneumonia before and after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica · 2025Article
- Diabetes Mellitus and Pneumococcal Pneumonia.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Disease burden and high-risk populations for complications in patients with acute respiratory infections: a scoping review.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Necrotizing fasciitis of the chest wall caused by empyema necessitans following tuberculosis: Case report and literature review.International journal of surgery case reports · 2023Article
- Parapneumonic effusions related toBMJ open respiratory research · 2023Article
- Metabolomics in pediatric lower respiratory tract infections and sepsis: a literature review.Pediatric research · 2023Review
- Pneumococcal concentration and serotype distribution in preschool children with radiologically confirmed pneumonia compared to healthy controls prior to introduction of pneumococcal vaccination in Zanzibar: an observational study.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Observational
- Continued Vaccine Breakthrough Cases of Serotype 3 Complicated Pneumonia in Vaccinated Children, Portugal (2016-2019).Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Differential Pneumococcal Growth Features in Severe Invasive Disease Manifestations.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- The impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the prevalence and severity of hospitalizations for pneumonia in children.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review evaluates the serotype epidemiology of complicated pneumococcal pneumonia (CPP) during the period 1990-2012. PubMed and EMBASE were searched using the terms "empyema", "complicated pneumonia", "pleural infection", "necrotizing pneumonia", "pleural effusion", "parapneumonic effusion", "pneumatocele", or "lung abscess"; "pneumococcal" or "Streptococcus pneumoniae"; and "serotype" for studies on the epidemiology of complicated pneumonias published from January 1, 1990 to October 1, 2013. Studies with data on incidence and serotypes were included; reviews, case reports, and conference abstracts were excluded. Of 152 papers, 84 fitted the inclusion criteria. A few pneumococcal serotypes were predominant causes of CPP, particularly serotypes 1, 19A, 3, 14, and 7F. CPP was a more common manifestation of pneumococcal disease among older (>2 years old) than younger children. The data support increases in both reported incidence rates and proportions of CPP in children and adults during the period 1990-2012; specific increases varied by geographic region. The proportions of serotype 3 and, particularly in Asia, serotype 19A CPP have increased, whereas most studies show declines in serotype 14. Serotype 1 has been a predominant cause of CPP since 1990, while antibiotic resistance was infrequent among serotype 1 isolates. The reported incidence and proportions of CPP among pneumonia cases steadily increased from 1990 to 2012. Several factors might account for these increases, including enhanced disease detection due to a higher index of suspicion, more sophisticated diagnostic assays, and changes in the prevalence of serotypes with capacity to invade the pleural space that were not targeted by the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.