Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24561478›Full record

ReviewToxins2014

Protein-bound uremic toxins: new culprits of cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease patients.

Shunsuke Ito, Masayuki Yoshida

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Toxins, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03770611 (Effect of a Nutritional Supplement of Probiotics and/or Prebiotics vs Placebo on Serum Concentrations of Uremic Toxins and Inflammatory Cytokines in Automated Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.), which is not on this map. Cited by 73 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
73citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
8.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03770611 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Effect of a Nutritional Supplement of Probiotics and/or Prebiotics vs Placebo on Serum Concentrations of Uremic Toxins and Inflammatory Cytokines in Automated Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.

TypeinterventionalSponsorUnidad de Investigacion Medica en Enfermedades RenalesRan2019 to 2020Enrolled112ConditionsEnd Stage Renal Failure on DialysisArmsProbiotic, Prebiotic, Symbiotic, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

73 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.

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  2. Renal failure · 2022
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13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Shunsuke ItoLife Science and Bioethics, Department of International Health Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, #953 M and D tower, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan. ito-shunsuke@kureha.co.jp.
Masayuki YoshidaLife Science and Bioethics, Department of International Health Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, #953 M and D tower, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan. masa.vasc@tmd.ac.jp.
Kureha (Japan) · JPTokyo Medical and Dental University · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been considered a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Although great advances have recently been made in the pathophysiology and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, CKD remains a major global health problem. Moreover, the occurrence rates of cardiovascular events among CKD patients increase even in cases in which patients undergo hemodialysis, and the mechanisms underlying the so-called "cardiorenal syndrome" are not clearly understood. Recently, small-molecule uremic toxins have been associated with cardiovascular mortality in CKD and/or dialysis patients. These toxins range from small uncharged solutes to large protein-bound structures. In this review, we focused on protein-bound uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate, which are poorly removed by current dialysis techniques. Several studies have demonstrated that protein-bound uremic toxins, especially indoxyl sulfate, induce vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular calcification, which may explain the relatively poor prognosis of CKD and dialysis patients. The aim of this review is to provide novel insights into the effects of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Indexed as

AnimalsAtherosclerosisCarbonCresolsHumansIndicanOxidesRenal Insufficiency, ChronicSulfuric Acid EstersToxins, BiologicalUremia4-cresol sulfateAST 120CarbonCresolsIndicanOxidesSulfuric Acid EstersToxins, Biological

Identifiers

PMID24561478
PMCPMC3942758
OpenAlexW2086368799

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.