Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24561394›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental research2014

Maternal exposure to biomass smoke and carbon monoxide in relation to adverse pregnancy outcome in two high altitude cities of Peru.

S Yucra, V Tapia, K Steenland, L P Naeher, G F Gonzales

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Effect of Biomass Fuel Use on Neonatal Outcomes: A Cohort Study of Pregnant Females.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Article
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  13. Effects of air pollution on human health and practical measures for prevention in Iran.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2016
    Review
  14. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

S YucraUniversidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
V TapiaUniversidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
K SteenlandRollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, 1518 Clifton Rd., GA 30322, United States. Electronic address: nsteenl@emory.edu.
L P NaeherUniversity of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
G F GonzalesUniversidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.

Funding

Respiratory, reproductive, and other effects of air pollution and high altitudeD43TW005746 · FIC · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI STEENLAND, NELSON K · 2001 to 2012
$1.9M
FIC NIH HHS D43 TW005746
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundExposure to pollution from biomass fuel has been associated with low birthweight in some studies. Few studies have included exposure-response analyses.

methodWe conducted a case-control study of biomass fuel use and reproductive outcome at high altitude in Peru. Cases (n=101) were full term births who were SGA (birth weight <10th percentile for gestational age). Controls (n=101) had a birthweight ≥10th percentile, and were matched to cases on birth week and residence. Biomass fuel use during pregnancy was determined by questionnaire. Carbon monoxide (CO) in the kitchen was measured in a subgroup (n=72). Logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of biofuel and CO on the risk of SGA, controlling for maternal education and parity.

resultsAmong cases, 30%, 27% and 44% used gas, gas+biomass, and biomass, respectively, while the figures for controls were 39%, 33%, and 29%. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for biomass fuel alone compared with gas alone was 4.5 (95% CI: 1.3, 15.5, p=0.02), while the OR for biomass+gas vs. gas alone was 2.1 (0.80-5.5) (p=0.13). Among the subgroup with measured CO, the mean 48-h kitchen CO levels were 4.8, 2.2 and 0.4ppm for biofuel only, biofuel+gas, and gas respectively. ORs by increasing tertile of CO level were 1.0, 1.16, and 3.53 (test for trend, p=0.02). The exposure-response trend corresponds well with one other study with analogous data.

conclusionDespite limited sample size, our data suggest that maternal exposure to biomass smoke and CO, at high altitude, is associated with SGA among term births.

Indexed as

AdultAir PollutantsAir Pollution, IndoorBiomassCarbon MonoxideCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansInfant, Small for Gestational AgeLogistic ModelsMaternal ExposurePeruPregnancyPregnancy OutcomeRural PopulationSmokeAir PollutantsCarbon MonoxideSmokeAltitudeBiomassCarbon monoxidePeruSmall for gestational age

Identifiers

PMID24561394
PMCPMC3998100

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.