ArticleJournal of immunological methods2014
Effects of cryopreservation on effector cells for antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and natural killer (NK) cell activity in (51)Cr-release and CD107a assays.
Article in Journal of immunological methods, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of natural killer cell cytotoxicity in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Biomarkers for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS): a systematic review.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Natural killer cell cryopreservation: Influence of composition, temperature, and granules on post-thaw survival and function.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Advancing CAR-NK cell therapy in solid tumors: Current landscape and future directions.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Review
- Autofluorescence imaging reveals the impact of cryopreservation on T cell metabolism and activation response.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Autofluorescence imaging reveals the impact of cryopreservation on T cell metabolism and activation response.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Affinity Affects the Functional Potency of Anti-GD2 Antibodies by Target-Mediated Drug Disposition.Cancers · 2025Article
- "Live" cell shipment-a forward-looking transport option for cryo-sensitive cell-based therapies.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Natural Killer Cells in Cancers of Respiratory System and Their Applications in Therapeutic Approaches.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Review
- Article
- Review
- Successful expansion and cryopreservation of human natural killer cell line NK-92 for clinical manufacturing.PloS one · 2024Article
- Physicochemical Mechanisms of Protection Offered by Agarose Encapsulation during Cryopreservation of Mammalian Cells in the Absence of Membrane-Penetrating Cryoprotectants.ACS applied bio materials · 2023Article
- Analysis of the impact of handling and culture on the expansion and functionality of NK cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Clinical application and prospect of immune checkpoint inhibitors for CAR-NK cell in tumor immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Impact of Cryopreservation and Freeze-Thawing on Therapeutic Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells and Other Common Cellular Therapeutics.Current stem cell reports · 2022Review
- Cryopreservation of NK and T Cells Without DMSO for Adoptive Cell-Based Immunotherapy.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2021Review
- The Role of Fc Receptors on the Effectiveness of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Evaluation of natural killer cell assay performance on shipped blood specimens.Journal of immunological methods · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Freshly isolated PBMC are broadly used as effector cells in functional assays that evaluate antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and NK activity; however, they introduce natural-individual donor-to-donor variability. Cryopreserved PBMC provide a more consistent source of effectors than fresh cells in cytotoxicity assays. Our objective was to determine the effects of cryopreservation of effector PBMC on cell frequency, and on the magnitude and specificity of ADCC and NK activity. Fresh, frozen/overnight rested and frozen/not rested PBMC were used as effector cells in (51)Cr-release and CD107a degranulation assays. Frozen/overnight rested PBMC had higher ADCC and NK activity in both assays when compared to fresh PBMC; however, when using frozen/not rested PBMC, ADCC and NK activities were significantly lower than fresh PBMC. Background CD107a degranulation in the absence of target cell stimulation was greater in PBMC that were frozen/not rested when compared to fresh PBMC or PBMC that were frozen overnight and rested. The percentages of CD16(+)CD56(dim) NK cells and CD14(+) monocytes were lower in PBMC that were frozen and rested overnight than in fresh PBMC. CD16 expression on CD56(dim) NK cells was similar for all PBMC treatments. PBMC that were frozen and rested overnight were comparable to fresh PBMC effectors. PBMC that were frozen and used immediately when evaluating ADCC or NK activity using either a (51)Cr-release assay or a CD107a degranulation assay had the lowest activity. Clinical studies of antibodies that mediate ADCC would benefit from using effector cells that have been frozen, thawed and rested overnight prior to assay.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.