ArticleGlobal health action2014
Gender inequalities in health: exploring the contribution of living conditions in the intersection of social class.
Article in Global health action, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sex Differences in the Association Between Dietary Pattern and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Protocol for a Systematic Review.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Mapping the evidence on the intersection of gender and social determinants of health in health inequality: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Body mass index having a mediating role between diet quality & mental and physical health among women.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Inequities and factors associated with gender and disability in NTD-endemic communities in Benin and Côte d'Ivoire: an intersectional approach to interventions.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- The impact of internet medical service on rural gender inequality in health opportunity: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Differences between subjective and disability health expectancies across ages in older adults.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Editorial: Epilepsy research in the developing countries: the neuro-ethical issues, cross-cultural differences, and relevance to comprehensive management.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Accelerating UN Sustainable Development Goals with AI-Driven Technologies: A Systematic Literature Review of Women's Healthcare.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Assessment of Perceived Health Status and Access to Health Service during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Survey in Italy.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Health Effects of Happiness in China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Gender Equality and Gender Inequalities in Self-Reported Health: A Longitudinal Study of 27 European Countries 2004 to 2016.International journal of health services : planning, administration, evaluation · 2021Article
- Article
- Review
- Gender Differences in the Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Employment: Evidence from the Korea Health Panel Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Self-rated health inequalities in the intersection of gender, social class and regional development in Spain: exploring contributions of material and psychosocial factors.International journal for equity in health · 2020Article
- The Investigation of Gender Differences in Subjective Wellbeing in Children and Adolescents: The UP&DOWN Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Understanding the Meaning of Conformity to Feminine Norms in Lifestyle Habits and Health: A Cluster Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- The Intersectionality of Gender and Wealth in Adolescent Health and Behavioral Outcomes in Brazil: The 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2020Article
- Unequal Exposure or Unequal Vulnerability? Contributions of Neighborhood Conditions and Cardiovascular Risk Factors to Socioeconomic Inequality in Incident Cardiovascular Disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.American journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWomen experience poorer health than men despite their longer life expectancy, due to a higher prevalence of non-fatal chronic illnesses. This paper aims to explore whether the unequal gender distribution of roles and resources can account for inequalities in general self-rated health (SRH) by gender, across social classes, in a Southern European population.
methodsCross-sectional study of residents in Catalonia aged 25-64, using data from the 2006 population living conditions survey (n=5,817). Poisson regression models were used to calculate the fair/poor SRH prevalence ratio (PR) by gender and to estimate the contribution of variables assessing several dimensions of living conditions as the reduction in the PR after their inclusion in the model. Analyses were stratified by social class (non-manual and manual).
resultsSRH was poorer for women among both non-manual (PR 1.39, 95% CI 1.09-1.76) and manual social classes (PR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.56). Adjustment for individual income alone eliminated the association between sex and SRH, especially among manual classes (PR 1.01, 95% CI 0.85-1.19; among non-manual 1.19, 0.92-1.54). The association was also reduced when adjusting by employment conditions among manual classes, and household material and economic situation, time in household chores and residential environment among non-manual classes. DISCUSSION: Gender inequalities in individual income appear to contribute largely to women's poorer health. Individual income may indicate the availability of economic resources, but also the history of access to the labour market and potentially the degree of independence and power within the household. Policies to facilitate women's labour market participation, to close the gender pay gap, or to raise non-contributory pensions may be helpful to improve women's health.
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