ReviewArteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology2014
Has our understanding of calcification in human coronary atherosclerosis progressed?
Review in Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT05752617 (European Registry On Plaque ModifiCAtion in the STEMI Population), which is not on this map. Cited by 216 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
European Registry On Plaque ModifiCAtion in the STEMI Population (ROCA-STEMI)
Who cites it
216 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 482 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cracking the Code of Calcification: How Presence and Burden among Intracranial Arteries Influence Stroke Incidence and Recurrence.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2025Pooled it
- Global research trends in in-stent neoatherosclerosis: A CiteSpace-based visual analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Extreme Diversity of the Human Vascular Mesenchymal Cell Landscape.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of Coronary Calcification on Complete Revascularization in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome and Multivessel Disease.Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions · 2025Trial
- Diabetic plaque calcification: mechanisms, imaging phenotypes, and clinical implications.npj metabolic health and disease · 2026Review
- Review
- Coronary Artery Calcification: From Molecular Mechanisms to Interventional Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Inflammatory Neovascularization and Vascular Remodeling Associated With Carotid Plaque Destabilization.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Microcalcification: Effects on Atherosclerotic Vulnerable Plaques, Detection, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- Geometric and density relationships of calcification clusters in carotid atherosclerosis.The neuroradiology journal · 2026Article
- Genetically determined ancestry associates with morphological and molecular carotid plaque features.Atherosclerosis · 2026Article
- Fibroblast-like cells accumulate late in human coronary atherosclerosis contributing to necrotic core formation.Cardiovascular research · 2026Article
- Single-cell spatial transcriptomics reveals clonal smooth muscle cell heterogeneity and programs associated with atherosclerotic plaque calcification.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Decoding vascular calcification: mechanistic insights and translational strategies.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Coronary atherosclerotic plaque composition and classification in hypercholesterolemic pigs.Atherosclerosis · 2026Article
- Associations of non-traditional lipid parameters with high-risk plaques characterized by optical coherence tomography in acute myocardial infarction culprit lesions.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Dynamic Gene Expression Signatures across Stages of Carotid Plaque Calcification.Journal of vascular research · 2026Article
- Biomechanics of Plaque Rupture and Cardiovascular Calcification.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Aging and coronary artery calcification: a Mendelian randomization study.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- The Prognostic Value of Different Patterns of Neoatherosclerosis and Treatment Modality in Patients With Coronary In-Stent Restenosis.Cardiovascular therapeutics · 2026Article
156 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Coronary artery calcification is a well-established predictor of future cardiac events; however, it is not a predictor of unstable plaque. The intimal calcification of the atherosclerotic plaques may begin with smooth muscle cell apoptosis and release of matrix vesicles and is almost always seen microscopically in pathological intimal thickening, which appears as microcalcification (≥0.5 μm, typically <15 μm in diameter). Calcification increases with macrophage infiltration into the lipid pool in early fibroatheroma where they undergo apoptosis and release matrix vesicles. The confluence of calcified areas involves extracellular matrix and the necrotic core, which can be identified by radiography as speckled (≤2 mm) or fragmented (>2, <5 mm) calcification. The calcification in thin-cap fibroatheromas and plaque rupture is generally less than what is observed in stable plaques and is usually speckled or fragmented. Fragmented calcification spreads into the surrounding collagen-rich matrix forming calcified sheets, the hallmarks of fibrocalcific plaques. The calcified sheets may break into nodules with fibrin deposition, and when accompanied by luminal protrusion, it is associated with thrombosis. Calcification is highest in fibrocalcific plaques followed by healed plaque rupture and is the least in erosion and pathological intimal thickening. The extent of calcification is greater in men than in women especially in the premenopausal period and is also greater in whites compared with blacks. The mechanisms of intimal calcification remain poorly understood in humans. Calcification often occurs in the presence of apoptosis of smooth muscle cells and macrophages with matrix vesicles accompanied by expression of osteogenic markers within the vessel wall.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.