ReviewInternational journal of legal medicine2014
Postmortem diagnosis of hypothermia.
Review in International journal of legal medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunohistochemical insights into hypothermia-related deaths: a systematic review.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2025Pooled it
- Immunohistochemical insights into hyperthermia-related deaths: a systematic review.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Spleen contraction verified as a supportive autopsy sign of fatal hypothermia.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Reverse Wischnewsky spots: a novel visual presentation of the traditional autopsy sign.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Article
- Chilling uncertainty: The need for a standardized approach in the enigmatic diagnosis of lethal hypothermia.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Article
- Detecting and subtyping ketoacidosis from metabolomic patterns in forensic casework.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Hypothermia drives fatty acid transporter 1 upregulation and lipid accumulation in renal tubules: evidence from forensic cases.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- Causes of death and types of injuries of avalanche fatalities based on forensic data: a scoping review.Resuscitation plus · 2025Review
- Review
- Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics confirms the oxidative stress mechanism of hypothermia-induced neuronal necroptosis.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Article
- Exploring Chromogranin A (CgA) as a Diagnostic Marker in Hypothermia-Related Deaths: Two Case Studies and a Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Biochemical markers of cell death: Forensic implications for differentiating primary and secondary hypothermia.Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Effects of cold exposure in a confined environment: an original case of suicide by freezing.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- Prominent black esophagus, Wischnewsky spots, and black duodenum in a fatal hypothermia case with an underlying diabetic ketoacidosis.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2025Article
- Metabolomic analysis of fatal hypothermia using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- Biomarker patterns and mechanistic insights into hypothermia from a postmortem metabolomics investigation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Identifying hypothermia death in a mouse model by ATR-FTIR.International journal of legal medicine · 2024Article
- Candidate biomarkers in brown adipose tissue for post-mortem diagnosis of fatal hypothermia.International journal of legal medicine · 2024Article
- Hypothermia: Beyond the Narrative Review-The Point of View of Emergency Physicians and Medico-Legal Considerations.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Hypothermic cardiac arrest patients admitted to hospital who were not rewarmed with extracorporeal life support: A retrospective study.Resuscitation plus · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The identification of hypothermia as the cause of death has always been somewhat problematic in forensic pathology because of unspecific, inconstant, or even negative macroscopic and microscopic findings. Though the simultaneous presence of frost erythema, Wischnewski spots, hemorrhages into the synovial membrane, bloody discoloration of synovial fluid of the knee, and basal vacuolization of the renal tubular epithelial cells has been indicated as strongly supportive of fatal hypothermia, their absence does not allow the diagnosis of hypothermia to be ruled out. Postmortem biochemical investigations are valuable in detecting adaptation responses to cold stress and metabolic changes that occur following cold exposure. However, ethanol intoxication prevents appearance of adaptation responses to cold, rendering the diagnosis less obvious. Immunohistochemistry, postmortem imaging, and molecular pathology have shown promising results, although at present, they do not provide pathognomonic signs of fatal hypothermia. The aim of this article is to present a review of the literature covering the significance of different postmortem investigations that are associated with hypothermia fatalities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.