ReviewJournal of clinical immunology2014
Antibody deficiency secondary to chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Should patients be treated with prophylactic replacement immunoglobulin?
Review in Journal of clinical immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03730129 (A Prospective Case Series of Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin for Prophylaxis of Infections in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia With Impaired Humoral Immunity), which is not on this map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective Case Series of Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin for Prophylaxis of Infections in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia With Impaired Humoral Immunity
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Immunoglobulin replacement vs prophylactic antibiotics for hypogammaglobulinemia secondary to hematological malignancy.Blood advances · 2024Trial
- Subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement for treatment of humoral immune dysfunction in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.PloS one · 2021Trial
- Risk Factors for Secondary Immunodeficiency in the Aged.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2026Review
- BAFF-R expression as a potential biomarker associated with COVID-19 vaccine non-responsiveness in antibody-deficient patients.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Article
- Janibacter melonis bacteremia following autologous stem cell mobilization in lymphoma: a case report and literature review.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and associated chronic lung diseases.Haematologica · 2025Article
- Too soon to reject immunoglobulin replacement in CLL.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Immunoglobulin use, survival, and infection outcomes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Study protocol for developing a patient-reported outcome measure for infection screening in hematological patients with secondary immunodeficiency.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- A pathogen-detection's odyssey in a case of skull base osteomyelitis: Land ahoy!Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2025Article
- Long-term immune changes in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia following treatment with venetoclax plus rituximab.HemaSphere · 2024Article
- Association between serum IgG concentrations and the incidence of infections in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and secondary immunodeficiency under treatment with Privigen.International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Article
- Economic impact of immunoglobulin replacement therapy in secondary immunodeficiency to hematological cancer: a single center observational study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Observational
- Screening for Antibody Deficiencies in Adults by Serum Electrophoresis and Calculated Globin.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Current Approach in the Management of Secondary Immunodeficiency in Patients with Hematological Malignancies: Spanish Expert Consensus Recommendations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Severe Fatal Mucormycosis in a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Treated with Zanubrutinib: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- Patients with indolent lymphomas are at high risk of infections: experience from a German outpatient clinic.BMC immunology · 2023Article
- Should treatment of hypogammaglobulinemia with immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) become standard of care in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia?Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- T cell immunity following COVID-19 vaccination in adult patients with primary antibody deficiency - a 22-month follow-up.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hypogammaglobulinemia is a common finding in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Its incidence increases with disease duration and stage such that it is present in up to 85 % of patients at some point in their disease course. It is therefore important to monitor patients for the development of an antibody deficiency. However, not all patients with antibody deficiency secondary to CLL are symptomatic with bacterial infections. In addition patients are susceptible to viral, fungal and opportunistic infections as a result of iatrogenic immunosuppression and through a variety of disease-related mechanisms, which affect cellular immunity and phagocytes. Published guidelines suggest that patients with a history of recurrent bacterial infections and a documented failure of antibody production should be treated with antibiotic prophylaxis in the first instance, with replacement immunoglobulin reserved for those who continue to suffer with significant bacterial infections. Here we present a review of the existing literature in order to provide a practical approach, based on best available evidence, to the investigation, monitoring and treatment of patients with antibody failure secondary to CLL; and we highlight areas in which further studies are needed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.