Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24556420›Full record

ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2014

Design and physicochemical characterisation of novel dissolving polymeric microneedle arrays for transdermal delivery of high dose, low molecular weight drugs.

Maelíosa T C McCrudden, Ahlam Zaid Alkilani, Cian M McCrudden, Emma McAlister, Helen O McCarthy, A David Woolfson, Ryan F Donnelly

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed
7.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

79 citing papers in PubMed, 236 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  5. Rethinking asthma therapy, part 1: transdermal delivery of βJournal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2026
    Review
  6. Rethinking asthma therapy, part 2: transdermal strategies for adjunct asthma and allergy treatments.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2026
    Review
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19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Maelíosa T C McCruddenQueen's University, Belfast School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
Ahlam Zaid AlkilaniQueen's University, Belfast School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; School of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 132222, Jordan.
Cian M McCruddenQueen's University, Belfast School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
Emma McAlisterQueen's University, Belfast School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
Helen O McCarthyQueen's University, Belfast School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
A David WoolfsonQueen's University, Belfast School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
Ryan F DonnellyQueen's University, Belfast School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK. Electronic address: r.donnelly@qub.ac.uk.
Queen's University Belfast · GBZarqa University · JO

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/E020534/1Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/FOF/287
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We describe formulation and evaluation of novel dissolving polymeric microneedle (MN) arrays for the facilitated delivery of low molecular weight, high dose drugs. Ibuprofen sodium was used as the model here and was successfully formulated at approximately 50% w/w in the dry state using the copolymer poly(methylvinylether/maleic acid). These MNs were robust and effectively penetrated skin in vitro, dissolving rapidly to deliver the incorporated drug. The delivery of 1.5mg ibuprofen sodium, the theoretical mass of ibuprofen sodium contained within the dry MN alone, was vastly exceeded, indicating extensive delivery of the drug loaded into the baseplates. Indeed in in vitro transdermal delivery studies, approximately 33mg (90%) of the drug initially loaded into the arrays was delivered over 24h. Iontophoresis produced no meaningful increase in delivery. Biocompatibility studies and in vivo rat skin tolerance experiments raised no concerns. The blood plasma ibuprofen sodium concentrations achieved in rats (263μgml(-1) at the 24h time point) were approximately 20 times greater than the human therapeutic plasma level. By simplistic extrapolation of average weights from rats to humans, a MN patch design of no greater than 10cm(2) could cautiously be estimated to deliver therapeutically-relevant concentrations of ibuprofen sodium in humans. This work, therefore, represents a significant progression in exploitation of MN for successful transdermal delivery of a much wider range of drugs.

Indexed as

Administration, CutaneousAnimalsAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalCell LineDrug Delivery SystemsEquipment DesignHumansIbuprofenMaleMicroinjectionsMolecular WeightNeedlesPharmaceutical PreparationsPolymersRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalIbuprofenPharmaceutical PreparationsPolymersBiocompatibilityIbuprofenMicroneedlesTransdermal

Identifiers

PMID24556420
PMCPMC4034161
OpenAlexW1992843088

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.