ReviewDrug and alcohol dependence2014
Toward empirical identification of a clinically meaningful indicator of treatment outcome: features of candidate indicators and evaluation of sensitivity to treatment effects and relationship to one year follow up cocaine use outcomes.
Review in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Translational medications development for methamphetamine use disorder: A systematic review of preclinical, human laboratory, and clinical research.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Long-term efficacy of contingency management treatment based on objective indicators of abstinence from illicit substance use up to 1 year following treatment: A meta-analysis.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2021Pooled it
- Prescription psychostimulants for the treatment of stimulant use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychopharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- Sociodemographic and clinical outcome differences among individuals seeking treatment for cocaine use disorders. The intersection of gender and race.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2019Pooled it
- Change in employment status and cocaine use treatment outcomes: A secondary analysis across six clinical trials.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2019Pooled it
- Systematic review of outcome domains and measures used in psychosocial and pharmacological treatment trials for cannabis use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Pooled it
- Quality of life and treatment effectiveness direct and indirect effects on cocaine abstinence outcomes during cocaine use disorder treatment.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Trial
- A single-blind, randomized, controlled contingency management trial on physiological indices and biomarkers of cardiovascular health in people with cocaine use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Trial
- Influence of cocaine use reduction on markers of immune function.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2024Trial
- Examining cocaine use reductions and long-term outcomes in two clinical trials of continuing care for cocaine dependence.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2024Trial
- Mixed amphetamine salts-extended release (MAS-ER) as a behavioral treatment augmentation strategy for cocaine use disorder: A randomized clinical trial.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Culturally tailored digital therapeutic for substance use disorders with urban Indigenous people in the United States: A randomized controlled study.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Trial
- Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a community support intervention for people with opioid use disorder.The American journal on addictions · 2023Trial
- Characterizing cannabis use reduction and change in functioning during treatment: Initial steps on the path to new clinical endpoints.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2022Trial
- Longitudinal changes in network engagement during cognitive control in cocaine use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- Validating the clinical relevance of alternative stimulant use treatment outcome measures by examining their association with 3-month follow-up outcomes.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Extended release mixed amphetamine salts and topiramate for cocaine dependence: A randomized clinical replication trial with frequent users.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Trial
- Concurrent treatment of substance use disorders and PTSD using prolonged exposure: A randomized clinical trial in military veterans.Addictive behaviors · 2019Trial
- Randomized Clinical Trial of Computerized and Clinician-Delivered CBT in Comparison With Standard Outpatient Treatment for Substance Use Disorders: Primary Within-Treatment and Follow-Up Outcomes.The American journal of psychiatry · 2018Trial
- Memory-Focused Cognitive Therapy for Cocaine Use Disorder: Theory, Procedures and Preliminary Evidence From an External Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial.EBioMedicine · 2018Trial
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSelection of an appropriate indictor of treatment response in clinical trials is complex, particularly for the various illicit drugs of abuse. Most widely used indicators have been selected based on expert group recommendation or convention rather than systematic empirical evaluation. Absence of an evidence-based, clinically meaningful index of treatment outcome hinders cross-study evaluations necessary for progress in addiction treatment science.
methodFifteen candidate indicators used in multiple clinical trials as well as some proposed recently are identified and discussed in terms of relative strengths and weaknesses (practicality, cost, verifiability, sensitivity to missing data). Using pooled data from five randomized controlled trials of cocaine dependence (N=434), the indicators were compared in terms of sensitivity to the effects of treatment and relationship to cocaine use and general functioning during follow-up.
resultsCommonly used outcome measures (percent negative urine screens; percent days of abstinence) performed relatively well in that they were sensitive to the effects of the therapies evaluated. Others, including complete abstinence and reduction in frequency of use, were less sensitive to effects of specific therapies and were very weakly related to cocaine use or functioning during follow-up. Indicators more strongly related to cocaine use during follow-up were those that reflected achievement of sustained periods of abstinence, particularly at the end of treatment.
conclusionsThese analyses did not demonstrate overwhelming superiority of any single indicator, but did identify several that performed particularly poorly. Candidates for elimination included retention, complete abstinence, and indicators of reduced frequency of cocaine use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.