ArticleBMC research notes2014
Molecular characterization and PCR-based replicon typing of multidrug resistant Shigella sonnei isolates from an outbreak in Thimphu, Bhutan.
Article in BMC research notes, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shigella flexneri isolates from pediatric clinical cases in Ahvaz, Iran.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Determination of ESBLs, pAmpC-beta-lactamase genes, and plasmid replicon types amongArchives of Razi Institute · 2025Article
- Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Risk Factors of Enteric Bacterial Infections Among Children Under Five in Nairobi County, Kenya.International journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Genomic Characterization of 16S rRNA Methyltransferase-ProducingAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Genomic Characterization of Carbapenemase-ProducingAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The evolutionary history ofMicrobial genomics · 2021Article
- Shigella sonnei: virulence and antibiotic resistance.Archives of microbiology · 2021Review
- Extensive inter-strain diversity among clinical isolates ofGut pathogens · 2019Article
- Out of Asia: the independent rise and global spread of fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella.Microbial genomics · 2018Article
- South Asia as a Reservoir for the Global Spread of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Shigella sonnei: A Cross-Sectional Study.PLoS medicine · 2016Article
- Introduction and establishment of fluoroquinolone-resistantMicrobial genomics · 2015Article
- Salmonella, Shigella, and yersinia.Clinics in laboratory medicine · 2015Review
- Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Shigella sonnei Associated with Travel to India.Emerging infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Diversity of Variable Number Tandem Repeat Loci in Shigella Species Isolated from Pediatric Patients.International journal of molecular and cellular medicine · 2015Article
- Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for genotyping of Shigella sonnei strains isolated from pediatric patients.Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2015Article
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10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundShigella species are an important cause of diarrhea in developing countries. These bacteria normally acquire their antibiotic resistance via several different mobile genetic elements including plasmids, transposons, and integrons involving gene cassettes. During a diarrhea surveillance study in Thimphu, Bhutan in June and July, 2011, Shigella sonnei were isolated more frequently than expected. This study describes the antibiotic resistance of these S. sonnei isolates.
methodsA total of 29 S. sonnei isolates from Thimphu, Bhutan was characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility by disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. All isolates were tested by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with restriction enzyme XbaI and were tested for plasmid. The plasmid patterns and the PFGE patterns were analyzed by Bionumerics software. DNA sequencing was performed on amplified products for gyraseA gene and class 1 and class 2 integrons. S. sonnei isolates were classified for incompatibility of plasmids by PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT).
resultsThese S. sonnei were resistant to multiple drugs like ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, and tetracycline but susceptible to azithromycin. All isolates had class 2 integrons dfrA1, sat1 and aadA1 genes. Two point mutations in Gyrase A subunit at position Ser83Leu and Asp87Gly were detected in these quinolone resistant isolates. The plasmid and PFGE patterns of S. sonnei isolates suggested a clonal relationship of the isolates. All isolates carried common ColE plasmid. ColE plasmid co-resided with B/O plasmid (nine isolates) or I1 plasmid (one isolate).
conclusionsThe characteristics of 29 S. sonnei isolates from Thimphu, Bhutan in June and July, 2011 are identical in PFGE, plasmid and resistance pattern. This study suggests that these recent S. sonnei isolates are clonally related and multidrug-resistant.
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