ArticleGenome biology and evolution2014
Global footprints of purifying selection on Toll-like receptor genes primarily associated with response to bacterial infections in humans.
Article in Genome biology and evolution, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Positive Selection of TLR2 and MyD88 Genes Provides Insights Into the Molecular Basis of Immunological Adaptation in Amphibians.Ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- Comparative Genomics of the Waterfowl Innate Immune System.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Article
- Hybridization with mountain hares increases the functional allelic repertoire in brown hares.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Evidence of Pathogen-Induced Immunogenetic Selection across the Large Geographic Range of a Wild Seabird.Molecular biology and evolution · 2020Article
- Purifying selection shaping the evolution of the Toll-like receptor 2 TIR domain in brown hares (Lepus europaeus) from Europe and the Middle East.Molecular biology reports · 2020Article
- Unusual interplay of contrasting selective pressures on β-defensin genes implicated in male fertility of the Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).BMC evolutionary biology · 2019Article
- Adaptation in structured populations and fuzzy boundaries between hard and soft sweeps.PLoS computational biology · 2019Article
- Variants in the non-coding region of the TLR2 gene associated with infectious subphenotypes in pediatric sickle cell anemia.Immunogenetics · 2018Article
- Article
- Evolution of toll-like receptors in the context of terrestrial ungulates and cetaceans diversification.BMC evolutionary biology · 2017Article
- Constraint and adaptation in newt toll-like receptor genes.Genome biology and evolution · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are directly involved in host-pathogen interactions. Polymorphisms in these genes are associated with susceptibility to infectious diseases. To understand the influence of environment and pathogen diversity on the evolution of TLR genes, we have undertaken a large-scale population-genetic study. Our study included two hunter-gatherer tribal populations and one urbanized nontribal population from India with distinct ethnicities (n = 266) and 14 populations inhabiting four different continents (n = 1,092). From the data on DNA sequences of cell-surface TLR genes, we observed an excess of rare variants and a large number of low frequency haplotypes in each gene. Nonsynonymous changes were few in every population and the commonly used statistical tests for detecting natural selection provided evidence of purifying selection. The evidence of purifying selection acting on the cell-surface TLRs of the innate immune system is not consistent with Haldane's theory of coevolution of immunity genes, at least of innate immunity genes, with pathogens. Our study provides evidence that genes of the cell-surface TLRs, that is, TLR2 and TLR4, have been so optimized to defend the host against microbial infections that new mutations in these genes are quickly eliminated.
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