ReviewCellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS2014
Extrapineal melatonin: sources, regulation, and potential functions.
Review in Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05257291 (Melatonin and Essential Arterial Hypertension), which is not on this map. Cited by 488 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Melatonin and Essential Arterial Hypertension
Who cites it
488 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Physiological relevance of autocrine melatonin signaling in pineal and extrapineal sites: a systematic review.Function (Oxford, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Melatonin as a Novel Drug to Improve Cardiac Function and Quality of Life in Heart Failure Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical cardiology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Efficacy of a Novel Melatonin-Loaded Gelatin Sponge in Palatal Wound Healing.International dental journal · 2024Trial
- A phase II, single-center, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial to explore the efficacy and safety of intravenous melatonin in surgical patients with severe sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit.Journal of pineal research · 2023Trial
- Article
- Lower 24-hour urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and exploratory bile-acid and microbiome associations in adults with dyslipidemia: a prospectively enrolled cross-sectional study.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Melatonin exerts anOncology letters · 2026Article
- Pharmacological melatonin induces mitochondrial dysfunction and alters extracellular nucleotide metabolism and CD39/CD73 expression in human melanoma cells.Purinergic signalling · 2026Article
- Constant Light Versus Intermittent Constant Light/Recovery Regimen: Differential Effects on Pineal Ultrastructure, Clock Gene Protein Abundance, and Systemic Metabolism in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Resurrection biology: Melatonin as a modulator of anastasis (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Metabolomic Profiling identifies Biomarkers of Sexual Dimorphism in the Brain and Gonads of Matured Eleutheronema tetradactylum.Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Melatonin beyond chronobiology: integrating pharmacokinetics, dose-exposure forecasting, and clinical evidence.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- The sleep-wake cycle: molecular mechanisms, disorders, and therapeutic targets in the context of energy metabolism.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- A Novel Mechanism of Tumour Communication: Malignant Extracellular Vesicles-Induced Aggressiveness in Benign Cells and Melatonin-Driven Reversal.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Melatonin Preserves Mitochondrial Redox Balance in UVB-Exposed Human Keratinocytes.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Melatonin: From Physiological Actions to Clinical Applications in Reproductive Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Chronic Light-Induced Desynchronosis as a Model of Accelerated Metabolic Aging in Rats: Prevention and Correction by Exogenous Melatonin.Biomedicines · 2026Article
428 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Endogenous melatonin is synthesized from tryptophan via 5-hydroxytryptamine. It is considered an indoleamine from a biochemical point of view because the melatonin molecule contains a substituted indolic ring with an amino group. The circadian production of melatonin by the pineal gland explains its chronobiotic influence on organismal activity, including the endocrine and non-endocrine rhythms. Other functions of melatonin, including its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, its genomic effects, and its capacity to modulate mitochondrial homeostasis, are linked to the redox status of cells and tissues. With the aid of specific melatonin antibodies, the presence of melatonin has been detected in multiple extrapineal tissues including the brain, retina, lens, cochlea, Harderian gland, airway epithelium, skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, thyroid, pancreas, thymus, spleen, immune system cells, carotid body, reproductive tract, and endothelial cells. In most of these tissues, the melatonin-synthesizing enzymes have been identified. Melatonin is present in essentially all biological fluids including cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, bile, synovial fluid, amniotic fluid, and breast milk. In several of these fluids, melatonin concentrations exceed those in the blood. The importance of the continual availability of melatonin at the cellular level is important for its physiological regulation of cell homeostasis, and may be relevant to its therapeutic applications. Because of this, it is essential to compile information related to its peripheral production and regulation of this ubiquitously acting indoleamine. Thus, this review emphasizes the presence of melatonin in extrapineal organs, tissues, and fluids of mammals including humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.