Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24552677›Full record

SynthesisJournal of the National Cancer Institute2014

Anthropometric and hormonal risk factors for male breast cancer: male breast cancer pooling project results.

Louise A Brinton, Michael B Cook, Valerie McCormack, Kenneth C Johnson, Håkan Olsson, John T Casagrande, Rosie Cooke, Roni T Falk, Susan M Gapstur, Mia M Gaudet and 27 more

Erratum issuedAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 62 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
62citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

62 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Guideline
  2. 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors and risk of male breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology
    Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Diseases of the Male Breast: Gynecomastia and Breast Cancer.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2025
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Large-Scale Data Harmonization Across Prospective Studies.American journal of epidemiology · 2023
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article

2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

  • Erratum issued
5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

37 authors.

Louise A BrintonAffiliations of authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LAB, MBC, RTF, JHL); Section on Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VM); Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (KCJ); Department of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (HO); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (JTC, BEH, MCP, GU); Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK (RC, AJS); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (SMG, MMG); Department of Medicine (JMG), Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology (KBM), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine and Aging (HDS), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; MAVERIC, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital, Athens, Greece (GG); Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM Unit 1018, Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France (PG); AARP Research, AARP, Washington, DC (AH); Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Freemont, CA (AWH); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (AWH); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK); Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (CI); Department of Epidemiology (KBM) and Department of Nutrition (WCW), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (KBM); Istituto di Richerche Farmacologiche, Milan, Italy (EN, DT); IMS, Inc, Rockville, MD (DP, KS); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (ETP); School of Public Health, Imperial C
Michael B Cook
Valerie McCormack
Kenneth C Johnson
Håkan Olsson
John T Casagrande
Rosie Cooke
Roni T Falk
Susan M Gapstur
Mia M Gaudet
J Michael Gaziano
Georgios Gkiokas
Pascal Guénel
Brian E Henderson
Albert Hollenbeck
Ann W Hsing
Laurence N Kolonel
Claudine Isaacs
Jay H Lubin
Karin B Michels
Eva Negri
Dominick Parisi
Eleni Th Petridou
Malcolm C Pike
Elio Riboli
Howard D Sesso
Kirk Snyder
Anthony J Swerdlow
European Rare Cancer Study Group
Dimitrios Trichopoulos
Giske Ursin
Piet A van den Brandt
Stephen K Van Den Eeden
Elisabete Weiderpass
Walter C Willett
Marianne Ewertz
David B Thomas

Funding

Studies of Rare CancersZIACP010158 · NCI · DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS · PI MCGLYNN, KATHERINE · 2009 to 2025
$19.1M
PROSTATE, LUNG, COLORECTAL &OVARIAN CANCERN01CN025522 · CN · GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY · PI GELMANN, EDWARD P · 1992 to 2000
$817k
European Research Council 294576Intramural NIH HHS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe etiology of male breast cancer is poorly understood, partly because of its relative rarity. Although genetic factors are involved, less is known regarding the role of anthropometric and hormonally related risk factors.

methodsIn the Male Breast Cancer Pooling Project, a consortium of 11 case-control and 10 cohort investigations involving 2405 case patients (n = 1190 from case-control and n = 1215 from cohort studies) and 52013 control subjects, individual participant data were harmonized and pooled. Unconditional logistic regression generated study design-specific (case-control/cohort) odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with exposure estimates combined using fixed effects meta-analysis. All statistical tests were two-sided.

resultsRisk was statistically significantly associated with weight (highest/lowest tertile: OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.18 to 1.57), height (OR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.38), and body mass index (BMI; OR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.51), with evidence that recent rather than distant BMI was the strongest predictor. Klinefelter syndrome (OR = 24.7; 95% CI = 8.94 to 68.4) and gynecomastia (OR = 9.78; 95% CI = 7.52 to 12.7) were also statistically significantly associated with risk, relations that were independent of BMI. Diabetes also emerged as an independent risk factor (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.37). There were also suggestive relations with cryptorchidism (OR = 2.18; 95% CI = 0.96 to 4.94) and orchitis (OR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.99). Although age at onset of puberty and histories of infertility were unrelated to risk, never having had children was statistically significantly related (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.66). Among individuals diagnosed at older ages, a history of fractures was statistically significantly related (OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.86).

conclusionsConsistent findings across case-control and cohort investigations, complemented by pooled analyses, indicated important roles for anthropometric and hormonal risk factors in the etiology of male breast cancer. Further investigation should focus on potential roles of endogenous hormones.

Indexed as

Body Mass IndexAdultAgedBreast Neoplasms, MaleCase-Control StudiesCohort StudiesEpididymitisGonadal Steroid HormonesGynecomastiaHumansKlinefelter SyndromeLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedOdds RatioOrchitisGonadal Steroid Hormones

Identifiers

PMID24552677
PMCPMC3975166

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.