ArticleExpert review of neurotherapeutics2014
What are exosomes and how can they be used in multiple sclerosis therapy?
Article in Expert review of neurotherapeutics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mitochondrial-Immune Dysfunction in MS: Therapeutic Potential of EV-Mediated Transfer.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Exosome Content-Mediated Signaling Pathways in Multiple Sclerosis.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- The role of mesenchymal stem cells in attenuating inflammatory bowel disease through ubiquitination.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Multiplex Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum Exosomes MicroRNAs of Untreated Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) and Proposing Noninvasive Diagnostic Biomarkers.Neuromolecular medicine · 2023Article
- Insights into Exosome Transport through the Blood-Brain Barrier and the Potential Therapeutical Applications in Brain Diseases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Biogenesis, Composition and Potential Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes in Various Diseases.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Review
- Exosome application in treatment and diagnosis of B-cell disorders: leukemias, multiple sclerosis, and arthritis rheumatoid.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2022Review
- Crosstalk between dendritic cells and regulatory T cells: Protective effect and therapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Exosomal noncoding RNAs in central nervous system diseases: biological functions and potential clinical applications.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Exosomes: Potential Disease Biomarkers and New Therapeutic Targets.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Ancient Evolutionary Origin and Properties of Universally Produced Natural Exosomes Contribute to Their Therapeutic Superiority Compared to Artificial Nanoparticles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes on Autoimmune Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- IFNγ-stimulated dendritic cell extracellular vesicles can be nasally administered to the brain and enter oligodendrocytes.PloS one · 2021Article
- Genomic, proteomic, and systems biology approaches in biomarker discovery for multiple sclerosis.Cellular immunology · 2020Review
- Review
- MicroRNAs in blood and cerebrospinal fluid as diagnostic biomarkers of multiple sclerosis and to monitor disease progression.Neural regeneration research · 2020Review
- Potential roles of extracellular vesicles in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of autoimmune diseases.International journal of biological sciences · 2020Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Neuroinflammation.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- The Challenge of Assessing Mild Neuroinflammation in Severe Mental Disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Review
- Exosomal miRNAs in central nervous system diseases: biomarkers, pathological mediators, protective factors and therapeutic agents.Progress in neurobiology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Current treatment options for multiple sclerosis are limited and consist of immunosuppressors or agents to prevent immune infiltration of the brain. These therapies have potentially harmful side effects and do little to promote myelin repair. Instead, we suggest using exosomes, naturally occurring small vesicles that exert influence through the delivery of mRNA, microRNA and protein. Dendritic cells can be cultured from bone marrow and stimulated to release exosomes. When administered to the brain, these exosomes significantly increase myelination and improve remyelination following injury by prompting preoligodendrocytes to differentiate into myelin producing cells. Additionally, they are non-toxic and can easily cross the blood-brain barrier and, thus, have great potential as a therapeutic.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.