ArticleBMC infectious diseases2014
Human Papillomavirus prevalence and probable first effects of vaccination in 20 to 25 year-old women in Germany: a population-based cross-sectional study via home-based self-sampling.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes on community rates of HPV-related disease and harms from vaccination.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Early direct and indirect impact of quadrivalent HPV (4HPV) vaccine on genital warts: a systematic review.Advances in therapy · 2015Pooled it
- The efficacy and duration of vaccine protection against human papillomavirus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2014Pooled it
- Evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in healthy females between 9 and 26 years of age in Sub-Saharan Africa.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2015Trial
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- Article
- Human papillomavirus prevalence and vaccine effectiveness in young women in Germany, 2017/2018: results from a nationwide study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Prevalence of abnormal Pap smear results in inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective study.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2022Article
- [Vaccination against human papillomavirus].Der Internist · 2021Review
- [HPV vaccination and the prevention of genital warts and precancerous lesions-current evidence and evaluation].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2021Review
- Female health-care providers' advocacy of self-sampling after participating in a workplace program for cervical cancer screening in Ghana: a mixed-methods study.Global health action · 2020Article
- Burden of HPV related anogenital diseases in young women in Germany - an analysis of German statutory health insurance claims data from 2012 to 2017.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Performance of OncoE6 cervical test with collection methods enabling self-sampling.BMC women's health · 2018Article
- Impact of HPV vaccination with Gardasil® in Switzerland.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Sexual Behavior in Germany.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2017Article
- Human papilloma virus genotypes in women from Nayarit, Mexico, with squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer.International journal of health sciences · 2016Article
- Shift in prevalence of HPV types in cervical cytology specimens in the era of HPV vaccination.Oncology letters · 2016Article
- Human Papillomavirus Laboratory Testing: the Changing Paradigm.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2016Review
- Article
- Associated factors vs risk factors in cross-sectional studies.Patient preference and adherence · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEstimates of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in a population prior to and after HPV vaccine introduction are essential to evaluate the short-term impact of vaccination.
methodsBetween 2010 and 2012 we conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in Germany to determine HPV prevalence, genotype distribution and risk factors for HPV-infection in women aged 20-25 years. Women were recruited by a two-step cluster sampling approach. A home-based self-collection of cervicovaginal lavages was used. Specimens were analysed using a general primer GP5+/GP6+-based polymerase chain reaction and genotyped for 18 high-risk and 6 low-risk HPV- strains by Luminex-based multiplexed genotyping.
resultsAmong 787 included women, 512 were not vaccinated against HPV. In the non-vaccinated population, HPV prevalence of any type was 38.1%, with HPV 16 (19.5%) being the most prevalent genotype. Prevalence of any high-risk type was 34.4%, and in 17.4% of all women, more than one genotype was identified. A higher number of lifetime sexual partners and low educational status were independently associated with HPV-infection. In 223 vaccinated women, prevalence of HPV 16/18 was significantly lower compared to non-vaccinated women (13.9% vs. 22.5%, p = 0.007). When stratifying by age groups, this difference was only significant in women aged 20-21 years, who at time of vaccination were on average younger and had less previous sexual contacts than women aged 22-25 years.
conclusionWe demonstrate a high prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes in non-vaccinated women living in Germany that can be potentially prevented by vaccination. Probable first vaccination effects on the HPV prevalence were observed in women who were vaccinated at younger age. This finding reinforces the recommendation to vaccinate girls in early adolescence.
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