ReviewVeterinary research2014
Strategies and hurdles using DNA vaccines to fish.
Review in Veterinary research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current State of Modern Biotechnological-BasedBioMed research international · 2019Pooled it
- The multifaceted challenge of viral nervous necrosis in fish farming: a review of current knowledge and control.Veterinary research communications · 2026Review
- Generation of IgMScientific reports · 2025Article
- Current Challenges of Vaccination in Fish Health Management.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Article
- Bacterial diseases in marine fish species: current trends and future prospects in disease management.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2023Review
- Review
- Review
- Fundamentals of Fish Vaccination.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- A review on the recent advances and application of vaccines against fish pathogens in aquaculture.Aquaculture international : journal of the European Aquaculture Society · 2022Review
- Characterization of Co-Stimulatory Ligand CD80/86 and Its Effect as a Molecular Adjuvant on DNA Vaccine AgainstFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Current status and development prospects of aquatic vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- Novel Vaccine Technologies in Veterinary Medicine: A Herald to Human Medicine Vaccines.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Review
- Overexpression of T-bet, GATA-3 and TGF-ß Induces IFN-γ, IL-4/13A, and IL-17A Expression in Atlantic Salmon.Biology · 2020Article
- Interleukin 34 Serves as a Novel Molecular Adjuvant againstVaccines · 2020Article
- A Review of Fish Vaccine Development Strategies: Conventional Methods and Modern Biotechnological Approaches.Microorganisms · 2019Review
- A candidate DNA vaccine encoding a fusion protein of porcine complement C3d-P28 and ORF2 of porcine circovirus type 2 induces cross-protective immunity against PCV2b and PCV2d in pigs.Virology journal · 2019Article
- Article
- Profiling the Atlantic Salmon IgMFrontiers in immunology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
DNA vaccinations against fish viral diseases as IHNV at commercial level in Canada against VHSV at experimental level are both success stories. DNA vaccination strategies against many other viral diseases have, however, not yet yielded sufficient results in terms of protection. There is an obvious need to combat many other viral diseases within aquaculture where inactivated vaccines fail. There are many explanations to why DNA vaccine strategies against other viral diseases fail to induce protective immune responses in fish. These obstacles include: 1) too low immunogenicity of the transgene, 2) too low expression of the transgene that is supposed to induce protection, 3) suboptimal immune responses, and 4) too high degradation rate of the delivered plasmid DNA. There are also uncertainties with regard distribution and degradation of DNA vaccines that may have implications for safety and regulatory requirements that need to be clarified. By combining plasmid DNA with different kind of adjuvants one can increase the immunogenicity of the transgene antigen - and perhaps increase the vaccine efficacy. By using molecular adjuvants with or without in combination with targeting assemblies one may expect different responses compared with naked DNA. This includes targeting of DNA vaccines to antigen presenting cells as a central factor in improving their potencies and efficacies by means of encapsulating the DNA vaccine in certain carriers systems that may increase transgene and MHC expression. This review will focus on DNA vaccine delivery, by the use of biodegradable PLGA particles as vehicles for plasmid DNA mainly in fish.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.