ArticlePloS one2014
HIF-1α and HIF-2α: siblings in promoting angiogenesis of residual hepatocellular carcinoma after high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies to combat the recurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma after thermal ablation.Journal of interventional medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- Roles of hypoxia-inducible factor in hepatocellular carcinoma under local ablation therapies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- An Overview of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Insufficient Radiofrequency Ablation.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2022Review
- Recent Perspectives on the Mechanism of Recurrence After Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Mini-Review.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Review
- The role of hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment and development of cancer stem cell: a novel approach to developing treatment.Cancer cell international · 2021Review
- c-Met/MAPK pathway promotes the malignant progression of residual hepatocellular carcinoma cells after insufficient radiofrequency ablation.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2020Article
- Review
- Role and mechanism of programmed death-ligand 1 in hypoxia-induced liver cancer immune escape.Oncology letters · 2020Review
- Extracellular matrix collagen I promotes the tumor progression of residual hepatocellular carcinoma after heat treatment.BMC cancer · 2018Article
- Article
- Role, Targets and Regulation of (de)nitrosylation in Malignancy.Frontiers in oncology · 2018Article
- Fungal 7-epi-10-deacetyltaxol produced by an endophytic Pestalotiopsis microspora induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2).BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2017Article
- Increased matrix stiffness promotes tumor progression of residual hepatocellular carcinoma after insufficient heat treatment.Cancer science · 2017Article
- Overexpression and correlation of HIF-2α, VEGFA and EphA2 in residual hepatocellular carcinoma following high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment: Implications for tumor recurrence and progression.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2017Article
- Notch signaling in cerebrovascular diseases (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2016Review
- Hypoxia-inducible factors as molecular targets for liver diseases.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2025-04-08Author Unresponsive · Concerns/Issues about Data · Concerns/Issues about Image · Concerns/Issues about Article · Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions · Duplication of Data · Duplication of/in Article · Duplication of/in Image · Euphemisms for Duplication · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available · Unreliable Data · Unreliable Image · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHigh-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a widely applied to treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. However, insufficient HIFU can result in rapid progression of the residual tumor. The mechanism of such rapid growth of the residual tumor after HIFU ablation is poorly understood.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic angiogenesis of residual tumor, and the temporal effect and mechanism of the HIF-1, 2α in the residual tumor angiogenesis.
methodsXenograft tumors of HepG2 cells were created by subcutaneously inoculating nude mice (athymic BALB/c nu/nu mice) with hepatoma cells. About thirty days after inoculation, all mice (except control group) were treated by HIFU and assigned randomly to 7 groups according to various time intervals (1st, 3rd, 5th day (d) and 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th week (w)). The residual tumor tissues were obtained from the experimental groups at various time points. Protein levels of HIF-1α, HIF-2α, VEGF-A, and EphA2 were quantified by immunohistochemistry analysis and Western Blot assays, and mRNA levels measured by Q-PCR. Microvascular density was calculated with counting of CD31 positive vascular endothelial cells by immunohistochemical staining.
resultsCompared with the control group, protein and mRNA levels of HIF-1α reached their highest levels on the 3rd day (P<0.01), then decreased (P<0.05). HIF-2α expression reached its highest level on the 2nd week compared with control group (P<0.01), then decreased (2 w-4 w) (P<0.05). The protein and mRNA levels of VEGF-A and EphA2 in the residual tumor tissues group that received HIFU were significantly decreased until 1 week compared with the control group (P<0.01). However, the levels increased compared to controls in 2-4 weeks (P<0.05). Similar results were obtained for MVD expression (P<0.05).
conclusionInsufficient HIFU ablation promotes the angiogenesis in residual carcinoma tissue over time. The data indicate that the HIF-1, 2α/VEGFA/EphA2 pathway is involved.
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