ArticlePloS one2014
Allergens and β-glucans in dutch homes and schools: characterizing airborne levels.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Interventions for autumn exacerbations of asthma in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- A letter intervention to GPs practices to promoting prescription uptake in school-age children with asthma during summer holidays (TRAINS study): a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Trial
- Review
- Airborne exposure-induced occupational type I allergy to Tenebrio molitor: Case report and studies on immunological reactivity.Allergologie select · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 incidence in secondary schools; the role of national and school-initiated COVID-19 measures.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Innovative compounds to reduce β-D-glucans, endotoxin, and allergens newly discovered on smartphones.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2023Article
- Exposure levels of animal allergens, endotoxin, and β-(1,3)-glucan on a university campus of veterinary medicine.PloS one · 2023Article
- Environmental Exposures Impact Pediatric Asthma Within the School Environment.Immunology and allergy clinics of North America · 2022Review
- Comparing the concentration levels of allergens and endotoxins in employees' homes and offices.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2022Article
- Animal Allergens, Endotoxin, and β-(1,3)-Glucan in Small Animal Practices: Exposure Levels at Work and in Homes of Veterinary Staff.Annals of work exposures and health · 2022Article
- Indoor Air Quality Levels in Schools: Role of Student Activities and No Activities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- The allergenic activity and clinical impact of individual IgE-antibody binding molecules from indoor allergen sources.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2020Review
- Household dampness and microbial exposure related to allergy and respiratory health in Danish adults.European clinical respiratory journal · 2020Article
- Endotoxin and Der p1 allergen levels in indoor air and settled dust in day-care centers in Tehran, Iran.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2019Article
- Asthma and Allergies in the School Environment.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2019Review
- Airborne Rodent Allergen Levels in Dutch Households: A Pilot Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Bedroom Allergen Exposure Beyond House Dust Mites.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2018Review
- Airborne protein concentration: a key metric for type 1 allergy risk assessment-in home measurement challenges and considerations.Clinical and translational allergy · 2018Article
- Respiratory Allergens from Furred Mammals: Environmental and Occupational Exposure.Veterinary sciences · 2017Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIndoor air quality has an effect on respiratory health. Children are more vulnerable to a decreased indoor air quality as their lungs are still developing. We measured levels of allergens and β-(1,3)-glucans in 19 school buildings and determined whether measured levels could be reproduced. School levels were compared to those in 169 homes and the effect of building characteristics on both home and school exposure was explored.
methodsElectrostatic Dust fall Collectors were placed in school buildings for 8 weeks and in homes for 2 weeks to collect settled airborne dust. Cat, dog, and mouse allergen levels, domestic mite antigen levels and β-(1,3)-glucans were measured in the extracts from the collectors. Results were corrected for sampling duration. Using questionnaire data, relations between measured levels and building and classroom characteristics were explored.
resultsIn schools, exposure levels were highest in classrooms and were influenced by the socioeconomic status of the children, the season measurements were performed, moisture status of the building and pet ownership. Repeated measurements in different seasons and over the years showed significantly different levels. Home exposure was influenced by socioeconomic status, occupancy and pet ownership. Domestic mite antigen was found in higher levels in extracts from homes compared to schools while pet allergen levels were 13 times higher in schools compared to homes without pets. For mouse allergen overall levels of exposure were low but still two times higher in schools compared to homes. Levels of β-(1,3)-glucans were also approximately two times higher in schools than in homes.
conclusionExposure levels of several allergens and β-(1,3)-glucans in schools differ over time and are higher than in homes. For children, exposure levels measured at school could contribute to their total exposure as especially animal allergen levels can be much higher in schools compared to homes.
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