ArticlePloS one2014
PD-L1 expression is increased in a subset of basal type breast cancer cells.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03515798 (A Prospective Multicenter Open-label, Randomized Phase II Study of Pembrolizumab in Combination With Neoadjuvant EC-Paclitaxel Regimen in HER2-negative Inflammatory Breast Cancer.), which is not on this map. Cited by 137 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective Multicenter Open-label, Randomized Phase II Study of Pembrolizumab in Combination With Neoadjuvant EC-Paclitaxel Regimen in HER2-negative Inflammatory Breast Cancer.
Who cites it
137 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 240 citations in OpenAlex.
- Signaling Pathways and Natural Compounds in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Pooled it
- Regression of Breast Cancer Metastases Following Treatment with Irradiated SV-BR-1-GM, a GM-CSF Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cell Line: Intellectual Property and Immune Markers of Response.Recent patents on anti-cancer drug discovery · 2022Trial
- Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Plasma for Predicting Anti-PD-1 Antibody Efficacy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cancer science · 2026Article
- Endocrine therapy-specific lineage and partial epithelial-mesenchymal reprogramming defines divergent resistant cell-states in ER+ breast cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- JAK/STAT-mediated regulation of PD-L1 expression in breast cancer: Molecular mechanisms and implications for immunotherapy.iScience · 2026Review
- Research progress ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Overcoming NK cell resistance in triple-negative breast cancer via adcc with a humanized anti-CD147 antibody.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Reprogramming the breast tumor immune microenvironment: cold-to-hot transition for enhanced immunotherapy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- Innovative approach for the qualitative-quantitative assessment of neurodevelopment biomarkers research in placenta tissue using immunohistochemistry digital image analysis.Biology methods & protocols · 2025Article
- Development and Characterization of an Anti-PD-L1 Immunotoxin for Targeted Cancer Therapy.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Article
- Construction and validation of a pancreatic cancer prognostic model based on genes related to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment.World journal of gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Augmenting the Antitumor Efficacy of Natural Killer Cells via SynNotch Receptor Engineering for Targeted IL-12 Secretion.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- Topical Calcipotriol Plus Imiquimod Immunotherapy for Nonkeratinocyte Skin Cancers.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2023Article
- γ-Secretase Inhibitor Potentiates the Activity of Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid by Inhibiting Its Ability to Induce Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Stemness via Notch Pathway Activation in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2023Article
- Review
- Regulation of PD-L1 Expression by Nuclear Receptors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Distribution characteristics and clinical significance of infiltrating T cells in the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer.Oncology letters · 2023Article
- Cross-reactivity of anti-human programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibody, clone 28-8 against feline PD-L1.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2023Article
- [Cancers · 2023Article
- Review
77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTumor cells express programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and is a key immune evasion mechanism. PD-L1 expression in multiple breast cancer cell lines was evaluated to identify intrinsic differences that affect their potential for immune evasion.
methodsPD-L1 expression was analyzed in six breast cancer cell lines: AU565&MCF7 (luminal), BT20&HCC1143 (basal A), MDA231&HCC38 (basal B). Surface and intracellular PD-L1 expression +/- interferon γ for 48 hours was measured by flow cytometry. PD-L1 gene expression data for all breast cancer cell lines in the Comprehensive Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) was analyzed. Correlation between PD-L1 levels and clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed within Oncomine datasets. A tissue microarray containing 61 invasive breast cancer primary tumor cores was stained for PD-L1 expression and analyzed.
resultsBasal breast cancer cells constitutively express the highest levels of PD-L1. All cell lines increased PD-L1 expression with interferon γ, but basal B cells (MDA-231 and HCC38) demonstrated the largest increases. There were no differences in protein localization between cell lines. In the CCLE data, basal cell lines demonstrated higher mean PD-L1 expression compared to luminal cell lines. High PD-L1 expressing basal cell lines over-express genes involved in invasion, proliferation, and chemoresistance compared to low PD-L1 basal cell lines. High PD-L1 basal cell lines had lower expression of IRF2BP2 and higher STAT1 levels compared to low PD-L1 expressing cell lines. Within Oncomine datasets PDL1 mRNA levels were higher in basal type tumors. The TMA analysis demonstrated that lymph node positive cases had higher levels of PD-L1 protein expression compared to lymph node negative cases.
conclusionsBasal type breast cancer (especially basal B) express greater levels of PD-L1 constitutively and with IFN γ. High PD-L1 basal cells over-express genes involved in invasion, motility, and chemoresistance. Targeting PD-L1 may enhance eradication of aggressive breast cancer cells by the immune system.
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