ArticlePloS one2014
Wound healing activity and mechanisms of action of an antibacterial protein from the venom of the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus).
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Toxins turned into medicines: A systematic review of peptide animal-derived venom in wound treatments.Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Animal Venom Pharmacological Resources: Exploiting Bioactive Peptides to Target Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria.Biochemistry research international · 2026Review
- Mechanism, Efficacy, and Safety of Natural Antibiotics.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Snake Venom Compounds: A New Frontier in the Battle Against Antibiotic-Resistant Infections.Toxins · 2025Review
- Nature's Arsenal: Uncovering Antibacterial Agents Against Antimicrobial Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Staphylococci, Reptiles, Amphibians, and Humans: What Are Their Relations?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Screening of the Skin-Regenerative Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides: Clavanin A, Clavanin-MO, and Mastoparan-MO.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Investigating Snake-Venom-Induced Dermonecrosis and Inflammation Using an Ex Vivo Human Skin Model.Toxins · 2024Article
- The Presence of Four Pathogenic Oral Bacterial Species in Six Wild Snake Species from Southern Taiwan: Associated Factors.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- A Review of Rattlesnake Venoms.Toxins · 2023Review
- Purification of PaTx-II from the Venom of the Australian King Brown Snake and Characterization of Its Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Activities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Past, Present, and Future of Naturally Occurring Antimicrobials Related to Snake Venoms.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Investigations on the Wound Healing Potential of Tilapia Piscidin (TP)2-5 and TP2-6.Marine drugs · 2022Article
- Article
- Tackling Antibiotic Resistance with Compounds of Natural Origin: A Comprehensive Review.Biomedicines · 2020Review
- Review
- Antibacterial and Hemolytic Activity ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- Antimicrobial Activity of Protein Fraction fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Basic phospholipase A2 was identified from the venom of the eastern diamondback rattlesnake. The Crotalus adamanteus toxin-II (CaTx-II) induced bactericidal effects (7.8 µg/ml) on Staphylococcus aureus, while on Burkholderia pseudomallei (KHW), and Enterobacter aerogenes were killed at 15.6 µg/ml. CaTx-II caused pore formation and membrane damaging effects on the bacterial cell wall. CaTx-II was not cytotoxic on lung (MRC-5), skin fibroblast (HEPK) cells and in mice. CaTx-II-treated mice showed significant wound closure and complete healing by 16 days as compared to untreated controls (**P<0.01). Histological examination revealed enhanced collagen synthesis and neovascularization after treatment with CaTx-II versus 2% Fusidic Acid ointment (FAO) treated controls. Measurement of tissue cytokines revealed that interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) expression in CaTx-II treated mice was significantly suppressed versus untreated controls. In contrast, cytokines involved in wound healing and cell migration i.e., monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), fibroblast growth factor-basic (FGF-b), chemokine (KC), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were significantly enhanced in CaTx-II treated mice, but not in the controls. CaTx-II also modulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation during skin wound healing. The CaTx-II protein highlights distinct snake proteins as a potential source of novel antimicrobial agents with significant therapeutic application for bacterial skin infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.