Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24550792›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in systems neuroscience2014

When is diminishment a form of enhancement? Rethinking the enhancement debate in biomedical ethics.

Brian D Earp, Anders Sandberg, Guy Kahane, Julian Savulescu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in systems neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Well-being and enhancement: reassessing the welfarist account.Medicine, health care, and philosophy · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Cognitive Enhancement, Hyperagency, and Responsibility Explosion.The Journal of medicine and philosophy · 2024
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Enhancing Gender.Journal of bioethical inquiry · 2022
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Memory ModulationFrontiers in human neuroscience · 2022
    Article
  9. The Internet as Cognitive Enhancement.Science and engineering ethics · 2020
    Review
  10. The Ethics of Digital Well-Being: A Thematic Review.Science and engineering ethics · 2020
    Review
  11. Moral enhancement and the good life.Medicine, health care, and philosophy · 2019
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Addicted to love: What is love addiction and when should it be treated?Philosophy, psychiatry, & psychology : PPP · 2017
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. The medicalization of love.Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees · 2015
    Article
  19. Article
  20. When "altering brain function" becomes "mind control".Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2014
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Brian D EarpFaculty of Philosophy, Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK ; Faculty of Philosophy, Institute for Science and Ethics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK ; Faculty of Philosophy, Oxford Centre for Neuroethics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK.
Anders SandbergFaculty of Philosophy, Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK ; Faculty of Philosophy, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford Oxford, UK.
Guy KahaneFaculty of Philosophy, Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK ; Faculty of Philosophy, Oxford Centre for Neuroethics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK.
Julian SavulescuFaculty of Philosophy, Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK ; Faculty of Philosophy, Institute for Science and Ethics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK ; Faculty of Philosophy, Oxford Centre for Neuroethics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK.

Funding

Wellcome Trust 086041Wellcome Trust 087208
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The enhancement debate in neuroscience and biomedical ethics tends to focus on the augmentation of certain capacities or functions: memory, learning, attention, and the like. Typically, the point of contention is whether these augmentative enhancements should be considered permissible for individuals with no particular "medical" disadvantage along any of the dimensions of interest. Less frequently addressed in the literature, however, is the fact that sometimes the diminishment of a capacity or function, under the right set of circumstances, could plausibly contribute to an individual's overall well-being: more is not always better, and sometimes less is more. Such cases may be especially likely, we suggest, when trade-offs in our modern environment have shifted since the environment of evolutionary adaptation. In this article, we introduce the notion of "diminishment as enhancement" and go on to defend a welfarist conception of enhancement. We show how this conception resolves a number of definitional ambiguities in the enhancement literature, and we suggest that it can provide a useful framework for thinking about the use of emerging neurotechnologies to promote human flourishing.

Indexed as

bioethicsdiminishmentempathyenhancementneuroenhancementneuroethicswelfarewell-being

Identifiers

PMID24550792
PMCPMC3912453

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.