ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2014
Nanoscale drug delivery systems and the blood-brain barrier.
Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.International journal of nanomedicine · 2015Pooled it
- Enhanced Therapeutic Effects of Extracellular Vesicles Targeting MiR-137 Contribute to Functional Recovery by Attenuating Neuronal Injury After Ischemic Stroke.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Engineered GM1 Intersects Between Mitochondrial and Synaptic Pathways to Ameliorate ALS Pathology.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- An integrative neuropharmacological review of Huntington's disease challenges and the role of novel formulations in addressing pharmacological‒pharmaceutical limitations.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Overcoming the blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer's disease: translational perspectives on advanced drug delivery platforms.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Progress in Nanofluid Technology: From Conventional to Green Nanofluids for Biomedical, Heat Transfer, and Machining Applications.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Hypoxia-ischemia and sexual dimorphism: modeling mitochondrial dysfunction using brain organoids.Cell & bioscience · 2025Review
- Scalable Manufacturing Method for Model Protein-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles: Biocompatibility, Trafficking and Release Properties.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Development of Brain Permeable Drugs and Novel Strategies to Overcome the Brain Barriers for Treatment Purposes.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- Overcoming the Blood-Brain Barrier: Multifunctional Nanomaterial-Based Strategies for Targeted Drug Delivery in Neurological Disorders.Small science · 2024Article
- Recent advances in therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease using protein/peptide co-modified polymer nanoparticles.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2024Review
- Current Overview on the Use of Nanosized Drug Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases.ACS omega · 2024Review
- Emerging Perspectives on Prime Editor Delivery to the Brain.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Polydopamine Nanosystems in Drug Delivery: Effect of Size, Morphology, and Surface Charge.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Microneedles: A Versatile Drug Delivery Carrier for Phytobioactive Compounds as a Therapeutic Modulator for Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Management of Neurodegenerative Diseases.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Natural Chalcones and Derivatives in Colon Cancer: Pre-Clinical Challenges and the Promise of Chalcone-Based Nanoparticles.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Nanomedicine in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease: State-of-the-Art.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Challenges and advances for glioma therapy based on inorganic nanoparticles.Materials today. Bio · 2023Review
- Lipid-Based Inhalable Micro- and Nanocarriers of Active Agents for Treating Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Multiple nano-drug delivery systems for intervertebral disc degeneration: Current status and future perspectives.Bioactive materials · 2023Review
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The protective properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are conferred by the intricate architecture of its endothelium coupled with multiple specific transport systems expressed on the surface of endothelial cells (ECs) in the brain's vasculature. When the stringent control of the BBB is disrupted, such as following EC damage, substances that are safe for peripheral tissues but toxic to neurons have easier access to the central nervous system (CNS). As a consequence, CNS disorders, including degenerative diseases, can occur independently of an individual's age. Although the BBB is crucial in regulating the biochemical environment that is essential for maintaining neuronal integrity, it limits drug delivery to the CNS. This makes it difficult to deliver beneficial drugs across the BBB while preventing the passage of potential neurotoxins. Available options include transport of drugs across the ECs through traversing occludins and claudins in the tight junctions or by attaching drugs to one of the existing transport systems. Either way, access must specifically allow only the passage of a particular drug. In general, the BBB allows small molecules to enter the CNS; however, most drugs with the potential to treat neurological disorders other than infections have large structures. Several mechanisms, such as modifications of the built-in pumping-out system of drugs and utilization of nanocarriers and liposomes, are among the drug-delivery systems that have been tested; however, each has its limitations and constraints. This review comprehensively discusses the functional morphology of the BBB and the challenges that must be overcome by drug-delivery systems and elaborates on the potential targets, mechanisms, and formulations to improve drug delivery to the CNS.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.