ArticleClinical oral investigations2014
Clinical investigation of bacterial species and endotoxin in endodontic infection and evaluation of root canal content activity against macrophages by cytokine production.
Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of grade B periodontitis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Lasers in medical science · 2025Pooled it
- Is apical periodontitis a matter of microbial diversity or time? A scoping review.Head & face medicine · 2026Article
- Radiographic Evaluation of Periapical Healing Following Single vs Multiple Visit Root Canal Treatment: A PAI Based Study.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of the iVac System Compared to Conventional Irrigation and Ultrasonic Activation in Reducing Microbial Biofilm, Lipopolysaccharides and Apical Extrusion.Australian endodontic journal : the journal of the Australian Society of Endodontology Inc · 2025Article
- Correlation Between LPS and LTA Levels With Clinical Features in Secondary Endodontic Infections.Australian endodontic journal : the journal of the Australian Society of Endodontology Inc · 2025Article
- Survival analysis of pulpectomy in primary molars performed under dental general anaesthesia: a two-year retrospective study.BMC oral health · 2022Article
- Evaluation of PCR primers to identify Porphyromonas endodontalis in apical periodontitis clinical samples.Archives of microbiology · 2022Article
- Delayed COVID-19-induced cytokine storm after root canal therapy with favorable response to plasmapheresis, tocilizumab, and methylprednisolone pulses therapy: A case report.Clinical case reports · 2022Article
- Article
- Drug Carriers Based on Graphene Oxide and Hydrogel: Opportunities and Challenges in Infection Control Tested by Amoxicillin Release.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Copper-Calcium Hydroxide and Permanent Electrophoretic Current for Treatment of Apical Periodontitis.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Identification of microorganisms in irreversible pulpitis and primary endodontic infections with respect to clinical and radiographic findings.Clinical oral investigations · 2020Article
- Increased Root Canal Endotoxin Levels are Associated with Chronic Apical Periodontitis, Increased Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress, Major Depression, Severity of Depression, and a Lowered Quality of Life.Molecular neurobiology · 2018Article
- Evaluation of selected properties of a new root repair cement containing surface pre-reacted glass ionomer fillers.Clinical oral investigations · 2016Article
- Microbiomes of Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions before and after Chemomechanical Preparation.Journal of endodontics · 2015Article
- Evaluation of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole encapsulated biomimetic nanomatrix gel onBiomaterials research · 2015Article
- Participation of endotoxin in root canal infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of dentistryReview
- Single Versus Multi-visit Endodontic Treatment of Teeth with Apical Periodontitis: An in vivo Study with 1-year Evaluation.Annals of medical and health sciences researchArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThis study investigated the presence of different Gram-negative bacterial species and the levels of endotoxins found in primary endodontic infection (PEI), determining their stimulation ability against macrophages through the levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and evaluated their relationship with clinical and radiographic findings. MATERIAL AND
methodsSamples were taken from 21 root canals with primary endodontic infection with apical periodontitis (PEIAP). Molecular techniques were used for bacterial detection. Limulus amebocyte lysate assay was used to measure endotoxins. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA assay.
resultsAll samples were positive for bacterial DNA (21/21). Prevotella nigrescens (57.2 %) was the most frequent species. Higher levels of endotoxins were found in teeth with pain on palpation and exudation (all p < 0.05). Positive correlations were found between endotoxins and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, whereas a negative correlation was found between endotoxin and the amount of IL-10 (p < 0.05). Endotoxin levels were found to be a risk factor for exudation and increased the number of Gram-negative bacterial species for the presence of a larger area of bone destruction (all p < 0.05).
conclusionA wide variety of Gram-negative bacterial species are involved in primary endodontic infection, with participation of different Treponema species. Thus, the levels of endotoxins and the number of Gram-negative bacteria species present in root canals were considered risk factors for the severity of endodontic infection. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The present study revealed that Gram-negative bacterial species and endotoxins play an important role in the development of signs/symptoms and the severity of bone destruction, this knowledge is essential for the establishment of an effective therapy.
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