ReviewInternational journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance2012
Moxidectin and the avermectins: Consanguinity but not identity.
Review in International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 430 citations in OpenAlex.
- IvermectinParasitology · 2024Pooled it
- Safety and Short-term Efficacy of a Single Dose of 2 mg Moxidectin inOpen forum infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Effect of a single dose of 8 mg moxidectin or 150 μg/kg ivermectin on O. volvulus skin microfilariae in a randomized trial: Differences between areas in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Liberia and Ghana and impact of intensity of infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Trial
- Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics of High-Dose Ivermectin with Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine on Mosquitocidal Activity and QT-Prolongation (IVERMAL).Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2019Trial
- Single dose moxidectin versus ivermectin for Onchocerca volvulus infection in Ghana, Liberia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a randomised, controlled, double-blind phase 3 trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2018Trial
- Anthelmintic resistance to ivermectin and moxidectin in gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle in Europe.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2015Trial
- A randomized, single-ascending-dose, ivermectin-controlled, double-blind study of moxidectin in Onchocerca volvulus infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Trial
- Efficacy of Simparica Trio® (sarolaner, moxidectin, and pyrantel chewable tablets) against circulating microfilariae in dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Comparative efficacy of six monthly doses of Simparica TrioParasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Functional Characterization of the Cat and Dog Wild-Type and Mutant MDR1 Carrier Proteins and Frequency of the MDR1 Gene Mutation in 800 Cats From Germany.Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- A Probiotic Fermented Ulva fasciata Biological Extract Feed Supplement Improves Litopenaeus vannamei's Growth Performance, Gut Bacteria, and Immunity-Related Gene Expression.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Iatrogenic doramectin poisoning in newborn beef calves.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Mechanistic insights into ammonium-driven metabolic regulation for enhanced nemadectin biosynthesis in Streptomyces cyaneogriseus.Bioresources and bioprocessing · 2026Article
- Efficacy of a single-dose topical formulation combining Fipronil, Moxidectin and Praziquantel against natural infestations of Notoedres cati, Otodectes cynotis and Felicola subrostratus in cats.Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria · 2026Article
- P-glycoprotein-9-mediated multidrug tolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- The avermectin, emamectin benzoate, kills gram-positive bacteria and targets the cell envelope ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Why Do FilamentousAnnual review of microbiology · 2025Review
- Analyses of emerging macrocyclic lactone resistance: Speed and signature of ivermectin and moxidectin selection and evidence of a shared genetic locus.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Coprological and Molecular Analyses of Ruminant Farms in Québec, Canada, Show a Variable Efficacy of Ivermectin Against Gastro-Intestinal Nematodes.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Efficacy of 2-undecanol produced byMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The avermectins and milbemycins contain a common macrocyclic lactone (ML) ring, but are fermentation products of different organisms. The principal structural difference is that avermectins have sugar groups at C13 of the macrocyclic ring, whereas the milbemycins are protonated at C13. Moxidectin (MOX), belonging to the milbemycin family, has other differences, including a methoxime at C23. The avermectins and MOX have broad-spectrum activity against nematodes and arthropods. They have similar but not identical, spectral ranges of activity and some avermectins and MOX have diverse formulations for great user flexibility. The longer half-life of MOX and its safety profile, allow MOX to be used in long-acting formulations. Some important differences between MOX and avermectins in interaction with various invertebrate ligand-gated ion channels are known and could be the basis of different efficacy and safety profiles. Modelling of IVM interaction with glutamate-gated ion channels suggest different interactions will occur with MOX. Similarly, profound differences between MOX and the avermectins are seen in interactions with ABC transporters in mammals and nematodes. These differences are important for pharmacokinetics, toxicity in animals with defective transporter expression, and probable mechanisms of resistance. Resistance to the avermectins has become widespread in parasites of some hosts and MOX resistance also exists and is increasing. There is some degree of cross-resistance between the avermectins and MOX, but avermectin resistance and MOX resistance are not identical. In many cases when resistance to avermectins is noticed, MOX produces a higher efficacy and quite often is fully effective at recommended dose rates. These similarities and differences should be appreciated for optimal decisions about parasite control, delaying, managing or reversing resistances, and also for appropriate anthelmintic combination.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.