ArticlePloS one2014
Gamma-glutamyltransferase fractions in human plasma and bile: characteristic and biogenesis.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Gene to Enzyme: Multidimensional Decoding of the GGT Molecular Family and Its Clinical Tumor Diagnosis.Cancer medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Generation of human iPSC-derived 3D bile duct within liver organoid by incorporating human iPSC-derived blood vessel.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Role of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Periodontitis: A Bidirectional Relationship.Cureus · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles and glycans: new avenue for biomarker research.Biochemia medica · 2024Review
- Review
- Elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase levels are associated with stroke recurrence after acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2022Article
- Effect of microplastics on Yersinia ruckeri infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Activity (GGT) Is a Long-Sought Biomarker of Redox Status in Blood Circulation: A Retrospective Clinical Study of 44 Types of Human Diseases.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
- Effects of microplastic exposure on the blood biochemical parameters in the pond turtle (Emys orbicularis).Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Assembly of tetraspanins, galectin-3, and distinct N-glycans defines the solubilization signature of seminal prostasomes from normozoospermic and oligozoospermic men.Upsala journal of medical sciences · 2021Article
- Non-linear relationship between gamma-glutamyl transferase and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.The Journal of international medical research · 2020Article
- Highly Elevated Plasma γ-Glutamyltransferase Elevations: A Trait Caused by γ-Glutamyltransferase 1 Transmembrane Mutations.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2020Article
- Correlation Between Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Activity and Glutathione Levels in Molecular Subgroups of Breast Cancer.European journal of breast health · 2020Article
- Exosomes and Immune Response in Cancer: Friends or Foes?Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Association between plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase fractions and metabolic syndrome among hypertensive patients.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in exosomes as a potential marker for prostate cancer.BMC cancer · 2017Article
- Fractionation of gamma-glutamyltransferase in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease.World journal of hepatology · 2016Article
- Gamma-glutamyl transferase and cardiovascular disease.Annals of translational medicine · 2016Review
- Evaluation of biomarkers assessing regular alcohol consumption in an occupational setting.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2016Article
- Monocytes/macrophages activation contributes to b-gamma-glutamyltransferase accumulation inside atherosclerotic plaques.Journal of translational medicine · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Total plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity is a sensitive, non-specific marker of liver dysfunction. Four GGT fractions (b-, m-, s-, f-GGT) were described in plasma and their differential specificity in the diagnosis of liver diseases was suggested. Nevertheless fractional GGT properties have not been investigated yet. The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular nature of fractional GGT in both human plasma and bile. Plasma was obtained from healthy volunteers; whereas bile was collected from patients undergoing liver transplantation. Molecular weight (MW), density, distribution by centrifugal sedimentation and sensitivity to both detergent (deoxycholic acid) and protease (papain) were evaluated. A partial purification of b-GGT was obtained by ultracentrifugation. Plasma b-GGT fraction showed a MW of 2000 kDa and a density between 1.063-1.210 g/ml. Detergent converted b-GGT into s-GGT, whereas papain alone did not produce any effect. Plasma m-GGT and s-GGT showed a MW of 1,000 and 200 kDa, and densities between 1.006-1.063 g/ml and 1.063-1.210 g/ml respectively. Both fractions were unaffected by deoxycholic acid, while GGT activity was recovered into f-GGT peak after papain treatment. Plasma f-GGT showed a MW of 70 kDa and a density higher than 1.21 g/ml. We identified only two chromatographic peaks, in bile, showing similar characteristics as plasma b- and f-GGT fractions. These evidences, together with centrifugal sedimentation properties and immunogold electronic microscopy data, indicate that b-GGT is constituted of membrane microvesicles in both bile and plasma, m-GGT and s-GGT might be constituted of bile-acid micelles, while f-GGT represents the free-soluble form of the enzyme.
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