ReviewLearning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)2014
Infantile amnesia: forgotten but not gone.
Review in Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Social Buffering of Acute Early Life Stress Sex-Dependently Ameliorates Fear Incubation in Adulthood.Developmental psychobiology · 2025Article
- Developmentally distinct architectures in top-down pathways controlling threat avoidance.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
- Retrieval and savings of contextual fear memories across an extended retention interval in juvenile and adult male and female rats.Behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Article
- Computational analysis of memory consolidation following inhibitory avoidance (IA) training in adult and infant rats: Critical roles of CaMKIIα and MeCP2.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
- Maturity of white matter tracts is associated with episodic memory recall during development.Cerebral cortex communications · 2022Article
- Recovery of memory from infantile amnesia is developmentally constrained.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2021Article
- AMPA Receptors: A Key Piece in the Puzzle of Memory Retrieval.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Review
- A Multivariate Assessment of Age-Related Cognitive Impairment inFrontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2021Article
- Behavioral tagging in infant rats.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2018Article
- Neurocognitive Development of Motivated Behavior: Dynamic Changes across Childhood and Adolescence.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2018Review
- Developmental transitions in amygdala PKC isoforms and AMPA receptor expression associated with threat memory in infant rats.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Review
- Mechanisms of critical period in the hippocampus underlie object location learning and memory in infant rats.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2018Article
- Differential effects of predictable vs. unpredictable aversive experience early in development on fear memory and learning in adulthood.Behavioral neuroscience · 2018Article
- Infantile Amnesia: A Critical Period of Learning to Learn and Remember.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2017Review
- The Stress Acceleration Hypothesis of Nightmares.Frontiers in neurology · 2017Article
- Repeated recall and PKMζ maintain fear memories in juvenile rats.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2016Article
- Losing Connections, Losing Memory: AMPA Receptor Endocytosis as a Neurobiological Mechanism of Forgetting.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2016Review
- The Stress Acceleration Hypothesis: Effects of early-life adversity on emotion circuits and behavior.Current opinion in behavioral sciences · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Unlike adult memories that can be remembered for many years, memories that are formed early in life are more fragile and susceptible to being forgotten (a phenomenon known as "infantile" or "childhood" amnesia). Nonetheless, decades of research in both humans and nonhuman animals demonstrate the importance of early life experiences on later physical, mental, and emotional functioning. This raises the question of how early memories can be so influential if they cannot be recalled. This review presents one potential solution to this paradox by considering what happens to an early memory after it has been forgotten. Specifically, we describe evidence showing that these forgotten early-acquired memories have not permanently decayed from storage. Instead, there appears to be a memory "trace" that persists in the face of forgetting which continues to affect a variety of behavioral responses later in life. Excitingly, the discovery of this physical trace will allow us to explore previously untestable issues in new ways, from whether forgetting is due to a failure in retrieval or storage to how memories can be recovered after extended periods of time. A greater understanding of the characteristics of this memory trace will provide novel insights into how some memories are left behind in childhood while others are carried with us, at least in some form, for a lifetime.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.