Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24532725›Full record

ArticleBioinformatics (Oxford, England)2014

EXTREME: an online EM algorithm for motif discovery.

Daniel Quang, Xiaohui Xie

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Environmental Regulation and Gene-by-Environment Interaction InfluencebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  3. DecodingbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
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  4. MicrosatNavigator: exploring nonrandom distribution and lineage-specificity of microsatellite repeat motifs on vertebrate sex chromosomes across 186 whole genomes.Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology · 2023
    Article
  5. Freezing firefly algorithm for efficient planted (ℓ, d) motif search.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2022
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Daniel QuangDepartment of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA and Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USADepartment of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA and Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Xiaohui XieDepartment of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA and Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USADepartment of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA and Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
University of California, Irvine · US

Funding

Uncover Strategies Used By Biological SystemsP50GM076516 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI LANDER, ARTHUR D · 2007 to 2016
$25.1M
Mathematical, Computational and Systems BiologyT32EB009418 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI LANDER, ARTHUR D, NIE, QING · 2009 to 2019
$2.4M
Machine learning methods to increase genomic accessibility by next-gen sequencingR01HG006870 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI XIE, XIAOHUI · 2012 to 2014
$662k
NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG006870NIBIB NIH HHS EB009418NIBIB NIH HHS T32 EB009418NIGMS NIH HHS P50 GM076516
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

motivationIdentifying regulatory elements is a fundamental problem in the field of gene transcription. Motif discovery-the task of identifying the sequence preference of transcription factor proteins, which bind to these elements-is an important step in this challenge. MEME is a popular motif discovery algorithm. Unfortunately, MEME's running time scales poorly with the size of the dataset. Experiments such as ChIP-Seq and DNase-Seq are providing a rich amount of information on the binding preference of transcription factors. MEME cannot discover motifs in data from these experiments in a practical amount of time without a compromising strategy such as discarding a majority of the sequences.

resultsWe present EXTREME, a motif discovery algorithm designed to find DNA-binding motifs in ChIP-Seq and DNase-Seq data. Unlike MEME, which uses the expectation-maximization algorithm for motif discovery, EXTREME uses the online expectation-maximization algorithm to discover motifs. EXTREME can discover motifs in large datasets in a practical amount of time without discarding any sequences. Using EXTREME on ChIP-Seq and DNase-Seq data, we discover many motifs, including some novel and infrequent motifs that can only be discovered by using the entire dataset. Conservation analysis of one of these novel infrequent motifs confirms that it is evolutionarily conserved and possibly functional. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: All source code is available at the Github repository http://github.com/uci-cbcl/EXTREME.

Indexed as

AlgorithmsRegulatory Elements, TranscriptionalChromatin ImmunoprecipitationNucleotide MotifsSequence Analysis, DNATranscription FactorsTranscription Factors

Identifiers

PMID24532725
PMCPMC4058924
OpenAlexW2121391914

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.