ReviewViruses2014
Experimental infections of wild birds with West Nile virus.
Review in Viruses, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Geographic variations of the bird-borne structural risk of West Nile virus circulation in Europe.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- West Nile virus: epidemiology, prevention, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and open research questions.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Life-history traits associated to West Nile virus seroprevalence in wild birds: Lessons from the recent outbreaks in Spain.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Widespread circulation of West Nile and Usutu viruses in sedentary and migratory avifauna: A two-year study (2024-2025) of active surveillance in South of France.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Mosquito feeding patterns in the context of West Nile and eastern equine encephalitis viruses in eastern Ontario, Canada.Medical and veterinary entomology · 2026Article
- Not all West Nile virus lineages behave alike: dose-response differences between lineages 1 and 2.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Immunological Interactions Between Gammadelta T Cells and West Nile Virus in the Infected Host.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- A global database of West Nile virus host prevalence and competence.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Scenario-driven shifts in future Usutu and West Nile virus outbreak characteristics in the Netherlands.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association of avian biodiversity and West Nile Virus circulation in Culex mosquitoes in Emilia-Romagna, Italy.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- An Overview of Avian Vaccination Options in Zoological Collections in Europe.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Mapping the bird risk index for West Nile virus in Europe and its relationship with disease occurrence in humans.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- Field-Collected Belgian Culex pipiens and Culex torrentium Mosquitoes are Competent for West Nile Virus Under Different Temperature Conditions.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Are we doing our best to contain the spread of West Nile virus? Evaluating intervention efficacy through mathematical modelling.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Spanish West Nile virus isolates of lineages 1 and 2 elicit different patterns of infection in red-legged partridges.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- West Nile virus transmission in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (Spain): A One-Health surveillance approach.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Range expansion ofOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- New enemies: contribution of CPathogens and global health · 2025Article
- Host-feeding preferences of Culex pipiens and its potential significance for flavivirus transmission in the Camargue, France.Medical and veterinary entomology · 2025Article
- The Future Abundance of Key Bird Species for Pathogen Transmission in the Netherlands.EcoHealth · 2025Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Avian models of West Nile virus (WNV) disease have become pivotal in the study of infection pathogenesis and transmission, despite the intrinsic constraints that represents this type of experimental research that needs to be conducted in biosecurity level 3 (BSL3) facilities. This review summarizes the main achievements of WNV experimental research carried out in wild birds, highlighting advantages and limitations of this model. Viral and host factors that determine the infection outcome are analyzed in detail, as well as recent discoveries about avian immunity, viral transmission, and persistence achieved through experimental research. Studies of laboratory infections in the natural host will help to understand variations in susceptibility and reservoir competence among bird species, as well as in the epidemiological patterns found in different affected areas.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.