ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2014
Cadmium exposure and cancer mortality in a prospective cohort: the strong heart study.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 180 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cadmium Exposure and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.La Medicina del lavoro · 2026Pooled it
- Environmental Nonessential Element Exposure and Urologic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2026Pooled it
- Dose-response relationship of cadmium and pancreatic cancer risk: a meta-analysis.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Heavy metal carcinogenicity: a scoping review of observational & experimental evidence.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Environmental Health Outcomes in Selected American Indian and Alaska Native Populations.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2020Pooled it
- Metal/Metalloid Levels in Electronic Cigarette Liquids, Aerosols, and Human Biosamples: A Systematic Review.Environmental health perspectives · 2020Pooled it
- Blood levels of cadmium and lead in relation to breast cancer risk in three prospective cohorts.International journal of cancer · 2019Pooled it
- Cadmium exposure and risk of lung cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies among general and occupational populations.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2016Pooled it
- Cadmium exposure and risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies among the general and occupational populations.Scientific reports · 2016Pooled it
- Association Between Cd Exposure and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A PRISMA-Compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Association between cadmium exposure and renal cancer risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies.Scientific reports · 2015Pooled it
- Cadmium exposure and risk of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and case-control studies among individuals without occupational exposure history.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2015Pooled it
- Trace Elements in the Pancreas: From Physiological Homeostasis to the Pathogenesis of Diabetes, Pancreatitis, and Cancer-A Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Sustained cadmium exposure and hyperglycemia additively drives mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatic cells: Implications for MASLD etiopathogenesis.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2026Article
- Transcriptomics-based analysis of key genes and potential mechanism and therapeutic agents in cadmium-induced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of Cadmium on Prostate-Specific Antigen and Endothelial Markers: A Risk for Prostatic Damage.Toxics · 2025Article
- Environmental Risk in American Indian Children, Including Cardiovascular and Hematologic Consequences of Cadmium Exposure: Possible Means of Mitigation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Review
- METTL1 promotes cadmium-induced stress granules formation via enhancing translation of G3BP1 and expression of mCell biology and toxicology · 2025Article
- Cadmium exposure, epigenetic modifications, and serum cystatin C: insights into mediated pathways and mortality risks in U.S. adults.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal classified as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
objectiveWe evaluated the association of long-term Cd exposure, as measured in urine, with cancer mortality in American Indians from Arizona, Oklahoma, and North and South Dakota who participated in the Strong Heart Study during 1989-1991.
methodsThe Strong Heart Study was a prospective cohort study of 3,792 men and women 45-74 years of age who were followed for up to 20 years. Baseline urinary Cd (U-Cd) was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We assessed cancer events by annual mortality surveillance.
resultsThe median (interquintile range) U-Cd concentration was 0.93 (0.55, 1.63) μg/g creatinine. After adjusting for sex, age, smoking status, cigarette pack-years, and body mass index, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) comparing the 80th versus the 20th percentiles of U-Cd were 1.30 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.55) for total cancer, 2.27 (95% CI: 1.58, 3.27) for lung cancer, and 2.40 (95% CI: 1.39, 4.17) for pancreatic cancer mortality. For all smoking-related cancers combined, the corresponding HR was 1.56 (95% CI: 1.24, 1.96). Cd was not significantly associated with liver, esophagus and stomach, colon and rectum, breast, prostate, kidney, or lymphatic and hematopoietic cancer mortality. On the basis of mediation analysis, we estimated that the percentage of lung cancer deaths due to tobacco smoking that could be attributed to Cd exposure was 9.0% (95% CI: 2.8, 21.8).
conclusionsLow-to-moderate Cd exposure was prospectively associated with total cancer mortality and with mortality from cancers of the lung and pancreas. The implementation of population-based preventive measures to decrease Cd exposure could contribute to reducing the burden of cancer.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.