ArticlePain2014
Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation as treatment for trigeminal allodynia.
Article in Pain, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 84 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Safety and Efficacy of Non-invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Headache in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
The Effect Of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation On Sports Performance And Physiological Parameters In Healthy Young Individuals: Randomized, Double-Blind Study
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-invasive neuromodulation in the acute treatment of migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Pooled it
- The Underlying Pathogenesis of Neurovascular Compression Syndromes: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for the treatment of migraine: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.The journal of headache and pain · 2018Pooled it
- Trial
- Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for the preventive treatment of episodic migraine: The multicentre, double-blind, randomised, sham-controlled PREMIUM trial.Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · 2019Trial
- Saliva molecular inflammatory profiling in female migraine patients responsive to adjunctive cervical non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation: the MOXY Study.Journal of translational medicine · 2019Trial
- Timing Considerations for Noninvasive Vagal Nerve Stimulation in Clinical Studies.AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium · 2019Trial
- Consistent effects of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for the acute treatment of migraine: additional findings from the randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind PRESTO trial.The journal of headache and pain · 2018Trial
- Practical and clinical utility of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for the acute treatment of migraine: a post hoc analysis of the randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind PRESTO trial.The journal of headache and pain · 2018Trial
- Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation as acute therapy for migraine: The randomized PRESTO study.Neurology · 2018Trial
- Chronic migraine headache prevention with noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation: The EVENT study.Neurology · 2016Trial
- Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for PREVention and Acute treatment of chronic cluster headache (PREVA): A randomised controlled study.Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · 2016Trial
- Quantifying acute physiological biomarkers of transcutaneous cervical vagal nerve stimulation in the context of psychological stress.Brain stimulationTrial
- Migraine Management in Japan: Current Approaches and Science Narrative Including an Evidence-based Review.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Review
- Non-Invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Cluster Headache: A Clinical Practice Guideline.Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain · 2025Review
- Hallmarks of primary headache: part 3 - cluster headache.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
- Neuromodulation in Chronic Migraine: Evidence and Recommendations from the GRADE Framework.Advances in therapy · 2025Review
- Vagus nerve stimulation for chronic pain management: Mechanisms and clinical advances.Journal of biological methods · 2025Review
- Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation effects on chronic pain: systematic review and meta-analysis.Pain reports · 2024Review
- Navigating the Neuroimmunomodulation Frontier: Pioneering Approaches and Promising Horizons-A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Implanted vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been used to treat seizures and depression. In this study, we explored the mechanism of action of noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for the treatment of trigeminal allodynia. Rats were repeatedly infused with inflammatory mediators directly onto the dura, which led to chronic trigeminal allodynia. Administration of nVNS for 2 minutes decreased periorbital sensitivity in rats with periorbital trigeminal allodynia for up to 3.5 hours after stimulation. Using microdialysis, we quantified levels of extracellular neurotransmitters in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC). Allodynic rats showed a 7.7±0.9-fold increase in extracellular glutamate in the TNC after i.p. administration of the chemical headache trigger glyceryl trinitrate (GTN; 0.1 mg/kg). Allodynic rats that received nVNS had only a 2.3±0.4-fold increase in extracellular glutamate after GTN, similar to the response in control naive rats. When nVNS was delayed until 120 minutes after GTN treatment, the high levels of glutamate in the TNC were reversed after nVNS. The nVNS stimulation parameters used in this study did not produce significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate. These data suggest that nVNS may be used to treat trigeminal allodynia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.