SynthesisThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2014
Preterm birth, infant weight gain, and childhood asthma risk: a meta-analysis of 147,000 European children.
Synthesis in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04689386 (Efecto De La Fisioterapia Respiratoria Sobre El Desarrollo De Niños/as Prematuros. Estudio Longitudinal.), which is not on this map. Cited by 141 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efecto De La Fisioterapia Respiratoria Sobre El Desarrollo De Niños/as Prematuros. Estudio Longitudinal.
Who cites it
141 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 357 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm neonates: Th2-Eosinophilic inflammation and asthma-like features.Pediatric research · 2026Pooled it
- Maternal asthma during pregnancy and risks of allergy and asthma in progeny: A systematic review and meta-analysis.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of size at birth on health, growth and developmental outcomes in children up to age 18: an umbrella review.Archives of disease in childhood · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal diet in pregnancy and child's respiratory outcomes: an individual participant data meta-analysis of 18 000 children.The European respiratory journal · 2022Pooled it
- Gestational diabetes mellitus in women born small or preterm: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Endocrine · 2022Pooled it
- Predicting the outcomes of preterm neonates beyond the neonatal intensive care unit: What are we missing?Pediatric research · 2021Pooled it
- Respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis for prevention of recurrent childhood wheeze and asthma: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Chained Risk Assessment for Life-Long Disease Burden of Early Exposures - Demonstration of Concept Using Prenatal Maternal Smoking.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Influence of maternal obesity on the association between common pregnancy complications and risk of childhood obesity: an individual participant data meta-analysis.The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Noninvasive Oscillometry to Measure Pulmonary Mechanics in Preterm Infants.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2021Trial
- Postnatal growth and childhood asthma in preterm and full-term twins: A cohort study.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Article
- Exploring the Early-Life Microbiomes of Preterm Infants and Their Childhood Health Outcomes (The BLOOM Study): Protocol for a Prospective, Observational Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a Predictive Model for Wheezing Illness Following Human Bocavirus 1 Infection in Children.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- The impact of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome on subsequent preschool wheezing in very preterm infants: a multicenter cohort study.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Preterm birth, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and the risk of allergic diseases.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Comparison of Serum TARC Levels at Term-Equivalent Age Between Preterm and Term Infants.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- The evolving pathophysiology of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Neighborhood Diversity Is Good for Your Health: An Example of Racial/Ethnic Integration and Preterm Birth in Texas.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin levels can predict allergic disease development and atopic march in children.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2025Article
81 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
58 authors at 20 institutions in 16 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPreterm birth, low birth weight, and infant catch-up growth seem associated with an increased risk of respiratory diseases in later life, but individual studies showed conflicting results.
objectivesWe performed an individual participant data meta-analysis for 147,252 children of 31 birth cohort studies to determine the associations of birth and infant growth characteristics with the risks of preschool wheezing (1-4 years) and school-age asthma (5-10 years).
methodsFirst, we performed an adjusted 1-stage random-effect meta-analysis to assess the combined associations of gestational age, birth weight, and infant weight gain with childhood asthma. Second, we performed an adjusted 2-stage random-effect meta-analysis to assess the associations of preterm birth (gestational age <37 weeks) and low birth weight (<2500 g) with childhood asthma outcomes.
resultsYounger gestational age at birth and higher infant weight gain were independently associated with higher risks of preschool wheezing and school-age asthma (P < .05). The inverse associations of birth weight with childhood asthma were explained by gestational age at birth. Compared with term-born children with normal infant weight gain, we observed the highest risks of school-age asthma in children born preterm with high infant weight gain (odds ratio [OR], 4.47; 95% CI, 2.58-7.76). Preterm birth was positively associated with an increased risk of preschool wheezing (pooled odds ratio [pOR], 1.34; 95% CI, 1.25-1.43) and school-age asthma (pOR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.18-1.67) independent of birth weight. Weaker effect estimates were observed for the associations of low birth weight adjusted for gestational age at birth with preschool wheezing (pOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.00-1.21) and school-age asthma (pOR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.27).
conclusionYounger gestational age at birth and higher infant weight gain were associated with childhood asthma outcomes. The associations of lower birth weight with childhood asthma were largely explained by gestational age at birth.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.