ArticleAnnals of epidemiology2014
Population attributable fractions for three perinatal risk factors for autism spectrum disorders, 2002 and 2008 autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network.
Article in Annals of epidemiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of cesarean section on the risk of autism spectrum disorders/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring: a meta-analysis.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Pooled it
- Association of Cesarean Delivery With Risk of Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Disorders in the Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2019Pooled it
- Biopsychosocial factors during pregnancy and their implications for autism spectrum disorder: a scoping review.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Mode of delivery among preterm twins and offspring health, a retrospective cohort study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Association between Sexual Activity during Pregnancy, Pre- and Early-Term Birth, and Vaginal Cytokine Inflammation: A Prospective Study of Black Women.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Defective placentation syndromes and autism spectrum disorder in the offspring: population-based cohort and sibling-controlled studies.European journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Perinatal and Obstetric Predictors for Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2021Article
- Reduced false positives in autism screening via digital biomarkers inferred from deep comorbidity patterns.Science advances · 2021Article
- Association between small for gestational age and risk of autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2021Article
- Inter-pregnancy interval and long-term neurological morbidity of the offspring.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2021Article
- Anesthesia, sex and miscarriage history may influence the association between cesarean delivery and autism spectrum disorder.BMC pediatrics · 2021Article
- Childhood disability and its associated perinatal characteristics in Bao'an district of Shenzhen, China.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Low weight, socioeconomics and behavioral issues: examining a population in the Northeast of Brazil.Heliyon · 2019Article
- Abnormal auditory mismatch fields are associated with communication impairment in both verbal and minimally verbal/nonverbal children who have autism spectrum disorder.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2019Article
- Partial Reversal of Striatal Damage by Palmitoylethanolamide Administration Following Perinatal Asphyxia.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Article
- Fetal and Infancy Growth Pattern, Cord and Early Childhood Plasma Leptin, and Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Boston Birth Cohort.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2018Article
- State-Level Trends in the Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) from 2000 to 2012: A Reanalysis of Findings from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Network.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2018Article
- Palmitoylethanolamide Ameliorates Hippocampal Damage and Behavioral Dysfunction After Perinatal Asphyxia in the Immature Rat Brain.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2018Article
- Caesarean section and risk of autism across gestational age: a multi-national cohort study of 5 million births.International journal of epidemiology · 2017Article
- Brief Report: Prevalence of Co-occurring Epilepsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder: The U.S. National Survey of Children's Health 2011-2012.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeNumerous studies establish associations between adverse perinatal outcomes/complications and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There has been little assessment of population attributable fractions (PAFs).
methodsWe estimated average ASD PAFs for preterm birth (PTB), small for gestational age (SGA), and Cesarean delivery (CD) in a U.S. population. Average PAF methodology accounts for risk factor co-occurrence. ASD cases were singleton non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic children born in 1994 (n = 703) or 2000 (n = 1339) who resided in 48 U.S. counties included within eight Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network sites. Cases were matched on birth year, sex, and maternal county of residence, race-ethnicity, age, and education to 20 controls from U.S. natality files.
resultsFor the 1994 cohort, average PAFs were 4.2%, 0.9%, and 7.9% for PTB, SGA, and CD, respectively. The summary PAF was 13.0% (1.7%-19.5%). For the 2000 cohort, average PAFs were 2.0%, 3.1%, and 6.7% for PTB, SGA, and CD, respectively, with a summary PAF of 11.8% (7.5%-15.9%).
conclusionsThree perinatal risk factors notably contribute to ASD risk in a U.S. population. Because each factor represents multiple etiologic pathways, PAF estimates are best interpreted as the proportion of ASD attributable to having a suboptimal perinatal environment resulting in PTB, SGA, and/or CD.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.