Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24524833›Full record

ArticleFertility and sterility2014

Levels of the retinoic acid synthesizing enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase-1A2 are lower in testicular tissue from men with infertility.

John K Amory, Samuel Arnold, María C Lardone, Antonio Piottante, Mauricio Ebensperger, Nina Isoherranen, Charles H Muller, Thomas Walsh, Andrea Castro

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Fertility and sterility, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  5. Non-hormonal Contraception: Current and Emerging Targets.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

John K AmoryDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Electronic address: jamory@u.washington.edu.
Samuel ArnoldDepartment of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
María C LardoneInstitute of Maternal and Child Research, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Antonio PiottanteAndrés Bello University, Santiago, Chile.
Mauricio EbenspergerSan Borja Arriarán Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile.
Nina IsoherranenDepartment of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Charles H MullerDepartment of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Thomas WalshDepartment of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Andrea CastroInstitute of Maternal and Child Research, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
University of Washington · USUniversity of Chile · CLHospital San Borja Arriarán · CLUniversidad Andrés Bello · CL

Funding

Spermatogonial Stem Cell Self-Renewal and DifferentiationU54HD042454 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI PAGE, STEPHANIE T · 2002 to 2016
$26.9M
NICHD NIH HHS U54 HD042454NICHD NIH HHS U54 HD42454
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine whether decreased testicular levels of enzymes necessary for retinoic acid biosynthesis were associated with male infertility, as retinoic acid is known to be necessary for spermatogenesis.

designObservational analysis of testicular tissue samples, sperm indices, and serum hormone concentrations.

settingTwo infertility centers in Chile. PATIENT(S): 32 infertile men and 11 control men. INTERVENTION(S): Measurement of the three enzymes necessary for retinoic acid biosynthesis, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 1A1, 1A2, and 1A3, in testicular tissue by a novel liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) peptide assay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): ALDH isozyme levels compared by type of infertility and correlated with testicular germ cell numbers, sperm parameters, and serum and intratesticular hormone concentrations. RESULT(S): Men with infertility had statistically significantly reduced levels of ALDH1A2 but not ALDH1A1 or ALDH1A3 in their testicular tissue compared with men with normal spermatogenesis. The ALDH1A2 protein levels were strongly correlated with the number of germ cells found via testicular biopsy. CONCLUSION(S): These findings suggest that ALDH1A2 is the enzyme involved in retinoic acid biosynthesis in human germ cells. Further study of the relationship between intratesticular ALDH1A2 and male infertility is warranted to determine whether men with infertility have a reduced ability to synthesize retinoic acid within their germ cells that could impair spermatogenesis.

Indexed as

AdultAldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 FamilyBiomarkersChileHumansInfertility, MaleMalePrevalenceReproducibility of ResultsRetinal DehydrogenaseRisk FactorsSensitivity and SpecificityTestisAldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 FamilyALDH1A2 protein, humanBiomarkersRetinal DehydrogenaseGerm cellsretinaldehyderetinolSertoli cell-only syndromespermatogenesis

Identifiers

PMID24524833
PMCPMC3972330
OpenAlexW2087065278

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.