Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24524499›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of public health2014

Public health practice is not research.

Jean Lin Otto, Mark Holodniy, Robert F DeFraites

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of public health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Assessing the implementation of healthy eating and physical activity policies and practices in Early Childhood Education and Care in New South Wales, Australia: A cross-sectional study.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Participatory Disease Surveillance Systems: Ethical Framework.Journal of medical Internet research · 2019
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Jean Lin OttoJean Lin Otto is with the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, contracted to work at the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, MD. Mark Holodniy is with the Office of Public Health, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC. Robert F. DeFraites is with the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD.
Mark Holodniy
Robert F DeFraites

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Scientific and clinical activities undertaken by public health agencies may be misconstrued as medical research. Most discussions of regulatory and legal oversight of medical research focus on activities involving either patients in clinical practice or volunteers in clinical trials. These discussions often exclude similar activities that constitute or support core functions of public health practice. As a result, public health agencies and practitioners may be held to inappropriate regulatory standards regarding research. Through the lens of the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs, and using several case studies from these departments, we offer a framework for the adjudication of activities common to research and public health practice that could assist public health practitioners, research oversight authorities, and scientific journals in determining whether such activities require regulatory review and approval as research.

Indexed as

Biomedical ResearchPublic HealthDisease OutbreaksGovernment RegulationHumansPopulation SurveillanceProgram EvaluationPublic Health AdministrationUnited StatesUnited States Department of DefenseUnited States Department of Veterans Affairs

Identifiers

PMID24524499
PMCPMC4025700

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.