Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24524015›Full record

ReviewPrimary health care : open access2012

Using the Electronic Medical Record to Examine Racial and Ethnic Differences in Depression Diagnosis and Treatment in a Primary Care Population.

Nhi-Ha T Trinh, Rachel Larocca, Susan Regan, Trina E Chang, Stephen E Gilman, Maurizio Fava, Albert Yeung

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Primary health care : open access, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Nhi-Ha T TrinhDepression Clinical & Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, One Bowdoin Square, 6th floor, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Rachel LaroccaDepression Clinical & Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, One Bowdoin Square, 6th floor, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Susan ReganDivision of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford Street, 9th Floor, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Trina E ChangDepression Clinical & Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, One Bowdoin Square, 6th floor, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Stephen E GilmanDepartment of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue Boston, MA 02115, USA ; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue Boston, MA 02115, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street Boston MA 02114, USA.
Maurizio FavaDepression Clinical & Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, One Bowdoin Square, 6th floor, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Albert YeungDepression Clinical & Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, One Bowdoin Square, 6th floor, Boston, MA 02114, USA ; South Cove Community Health Center, 885 Washington St Boston, MA 02111, USA.

Funding

Training Program in Psychiatric Genetics and Translational ResearchT32MH017119 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI KARESTAN C KOENEN, Jukka-Pekka Onnela · 1985 to 2026
$8.9M
PROGRAM FOR MINORITY RESEARCH TRAINING IN PSYCHIATRY (PMT32MH019126 · NIMH · AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC INST FOR RES &EDUC · PI REGIER, DARREL A · 1989 to 2009
$5.3M
Social Inequalities in Outcomes for Treatment of Late-Life DepressionR03MH083335 · NIMH · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI GILMAN, STEPHEN E · 2008 to 2009
$164k
NIMH NIH HHS R03 MH083335NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH017119NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH019126
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveWe assessed racial and ethnic differences in depression diagnosis and treatment in a primary care population.

methodsA sample of primary care outpatients in 2007 was generated using the electronic medical record (EMR). Patients were considered depressed if their providers billed for depression-related codes; they were considered prescribed antidepressants if any antidepressants were on their medication list. Rates of diagnosis and medication prescription were estimated using a generalized linear model with a Poisson distribution, adjusting for covariates.

resultsIn the resulting sample (n=85,790), all minority groups were less likely to be diagnosed with depression as compared to Whites (p<0.05); 11.36% of Whites had a depression diagnosis, as compared to 6.44% of Asian Americans, 7.55% of African Americans, and 10.18% of Latino Americans. Among those with a depression diagnosis (n=11,096), 54.07% of African Americans were prescribed antidepressant medications, as compared to 63.19% Whites (p<0.05); Asian Americans and Latino Americans showed a trend of being less likely to be prescribed antidepressant medications.

conclusionsOur study illustrates differences in diagnosis and treatment for minority primary care patients, and is innovative in using the EMR to probe these differences. Further research is needed to understand the underlying reasons for these observed differences.

Indexed as

Electronic Medical RecordsMajor Depressive DisordersMinoritiesPrimary Care

Identifiers

PMID24524015
PMCPMC3919035

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