ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2014
Toll-like receptor 7 agonist imiquimod in combination with influenza vaccine expedites and augments humoral immune responses against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection in BALB/c mice.
Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Immunosenescence: A systems-level overview of immune cell biology and strategies for improving vaccine responses.Experimental gerontology · 2019Pooled it
- Topical Imiquimod Does Not Provide an Adjuvant Effect When Administered With Inactivated Influenza A/H5N1 Vaccine in Healthy Young Adults.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Trial
- Efficacy of Oseltamivir Against Seasonal Influenza H1N1 and the Efficacy of a Novel Combination Treatment In Vitro and In Vivo in Mouse Studies.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- Article
- TLR agonists as adjuvants for viral vaccines: mechanisms, applications, and future directions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Recent Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of the Toll-like Receptor Response to Influenza Virus Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- COVID-19 mRNA vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 infection in diet-induced obese mice through boosting host innate antiviral responses.EBioMedicine · 2023Article
- Age-associated SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection and changes in immune response in a mouse model.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- How Can We Improve the Vaccination Response in Older People? Part II: Targeting Immunosenescence of Adaptive Immunity Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The Toll-like receptor 7 agonist imiquimod increases ethanol self-administration and induces expression of Toll-like receptor related genes.Addiction biology · 2022Article
- Colloidal Manganese Salt Improves the Efficacy of Rabies Vaccines in Mice, Cats, and Dogs.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- A Review of Human Coronaviruses' Receptors: The Host-Cell Targets for the Crown Bearing Viruses.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Intradermal vaccination of live attenuated influenza vaccine protects mice against homologous and heterologous influenza challenges.NPJ vaccines · 2021Article
- Absence of Vaccine-enhanced Disease With Unexpected Positive Protection Against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by Inactivated Vaccine Given Within 3 Days of Virus Challenge in Syrian Hamster Model.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Can SARS-CoV-2 Virus Use Multiple Receptors to Enter Host Cells?International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Article
- BBIQ, a pure TLR7 agonist, is an effective influenza vaccine adjuvant.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Article
- Lianhua-Qingwen Displays Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Synergistic Effects with Oseltamivir against Influenza B Virus Infection in the Mouse Model.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2020Article
- H7N9 influenza A virus activation of necroptosis in human monocytes links innate and adaptive immune responses.Cell death & disease · 2019Article
- Intranasal and epicutaneous administration of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists provides protection against influenza A virus-induced morbidity in mice.Scientific reports · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system are known targets for enhancing vaccine efficacy. We investigated whether imiquimod, a synthetic TLR7 agonist, can expedite the immune response against influenza virus infection when combined with influenza vaccine. BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with monovalent A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine combined with imiquimod (VCI) prior to intranasal inoculation with a lethal dose of mouse-adapted A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. For mice immunized 3 days before infection, the survival rates were significantly higher in the VCI group (60%, mean survival time[MST], 11 days) than in the vaccine-alone (30%; MST, 8.8 days), imiquimod-alone (5%; MST, 8.4 days), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (0%; MST, 6.2 days) groups (P < 0.01). In the VCI group, 45 and 35% of the mice survived even when they were infected 2 days or 1 day after immunization. Virus-specific serum IgM, IgG, and neutralizing antibodies appeared earlier with higher geometric mean titers in the VCI group than in the control groups. The pulmonary viral load was significantly lower at all time points postinfection in the VCI, vaccine-alone, and imiquimod-alone groups than in the PBS control group (P < 0.05). The protection induced by VCI was specific for A(H1N1)pdm09 virus but not for A(H5N1) virus. Since imiquimod combined with RNase-treated vaccine is as protective as imiquimod combined with untreated vaccine, mechanisms other than TLR7 may operate in expediting and augmenting immune protection. Moreover, increased gamma interferon mRNA expression and IgG isotype switching, which are markers of the Th1 response induced by imiquimod, were not apparent in our mouse model. The mechanisms of imiquimod-induced immune protection deserve further study.
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