Observational studyBMC pediatrics2014
Predictors of severity and outcome of global developmental delay without definitive etiologic yield: a prospective observational study.
Observational study in BMC pediatrics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Virtual Reality and Neuropsychiatric Rehabilitation: a Single-blind, Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study in Patients With Global Developmental Delay.
Evaluation of Perinatal Risk Factors in Future Gross Motor Development of Preterm Infants: a Cross-sectional Study
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intensive Family-Centered Rehabilitation and Motor Outcomes in a Child with Global Developmental Delay: A Case Report.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Profiling the developmental signatures of genetic global developmental delay.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Virtual Reality Technology to Enhance Conventional Rehabilitation Program: Results of a Single-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study in Patients with Global Developmental Delay.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Borderline Intellectual Functioning: Etiological, Neurophysiological, and Mri Findings in a Cohort of 651 Patients.Neurology international · 2022Article
- A review of infant growth and psychomotor developmental outcomes after intrauterine exposure to preeclampsia.BMC pediatrics · 2022Review
- Early-onset developmental impairments among infants attending the routine immunization clinic at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.International health · 2022Article
- Assessment of risk factors for developmental delays among children in a rural community of North India: A cross-sectional study.Journal of education and health promotion · 2019Article
- De Novo Interstitial Deletion of 9q in a Pediatric Patient With Global Developmental Delay.Child neurology open · 2019Article
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Misconception: Parental Expectations and Perspectives Regarding Genetic Testing for Developmental Disorders.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2019Article
- Effects of the portage early education program on Chinese children with global developmental delay.Medicine · 2018Observational
- A hybrid concept analysis of children of concern: Japanese healthcare professionals' views of children at a high risk of developmental disability.BMC pediatrics · 2016Article
- Preeclampsia, placental insufficiency, and autism spectrum disorder or developmental delay.JAMA pediatrics · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough several determinants of global developmental delay (GDD) have been recognized, a significant number of children remain without definitive etiologic diagnosis. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of various prenatal and perinatal factors on the severity and outcome of developmental delay without definitive etiologic yield.
methodsFrom March 2008 to February 2010, 142 children with developmental quotient (DQ) <70 and without definitive etiologic diagnosis, were included. Prenatal and perinatal risk factors known to be associated with disordered neonatal brain function were identified. Participants underwent a thorough investigation, an individualized habilitation plan was recommended, and the children were followed-up regularly for a period of 2 < years. The effect of prenatal and perinatal risk factors on the severity and outcome of GDD was assessed by regression analysis.
resultsThe mean age at enrolment was 31 ± 12 < months, and the mean DQ 52.2 ± 11.4. Prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) were found to be independently associated with lower DQ values. The mean DQ after the 2-year follow-up was 62.5 ± 12.7, and the DQ difference from the enrollment 10.4 ± 8.9 (median 10; range-10 to 42). DQ improvement (defined as a DQ difference?≥?median) was noted in 52.8% of the children. IUGR, low socio-economic status, and poor compliance to habilitation plan were found to be independently associated with poorer developmental outcomes.
conclusionsPrematurity and IUGR were found to be significantly and independently related to the severity of GDD in cases without definitive etiologic yield. Poorer 2-year developmental outcome was associated with IUGR, low socioeconomic status and non compliance to habilitation plan. Prematurity was a significant determinant of the outcome only in association with the above mentioned factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.