ReviewAmerican journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)2014
Comparison of the vaginal environment of Macaca mulatta and Macaca nemestrina throughout the menstrual cycle.
Review in American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pediatric NIH Workshop: Session I: Nonhuman Primate Models in HIV Prevention Research-A Historical and Comparative Perspective.Journal of medical primatology · 2026Review
- Preclinical evaluation of high-dose Griffithsin carrageenan fast-dissolving insert for HIV, HSV-2, and HPV prevention.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Translational Models to Predict Target Concentrations for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Women.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2022Review
- The Vaginal Microbiome of Nonhuman Primates Can Be Only Transiently Altered to BecomeMicrobiology spectrum · 2021Article
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Susceptibility, Immunology, and Microbiome in the Female Genital Tract of Adolescent Versus Adult Pigtail Macaques.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2021Article
- Non-human Primate Models to Investigate Mechanisms of Infection-Associated Fetal and Pediatric Injury, Teratogenesis and Stillbirth.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Review
- Exogenous sex steroids regulate genital epithelial barrier function in female rhesus macaques.Biology of reproduction · 2020Article
- An intravaginal ring that releases three antiviral agents and a contraceptive blocks SHIV-RT infection, reduces HSV-2 shedding, and suppresses hormonal cycling in rhesus macaques.Drug delivery and translational research · 2017Article
- Mucosal and Systemic γδ+ T Cells Associated with Control of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- Increases in Endogenous or Exogenous Progestins Promote Virus-Target Cell Interactions within the Non-human Primate Female Reproductive Tract.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
- Relationship of Estimated SHIV Acquisition Time Points During the Menstrual Cycle and Thinning of Vaginal Epithelial Layers in Pigtail Macaques.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2015Article
- Characterization of the Genital Microenvironment of Female Rhesus Macaques Prior to and After SIV Infection.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2015Article
- Relationship of menstrual cycle and vaginal infection in female rhesus macaques challenged with repeated, low doses of SIVmac251.Journal of medical primatology · 2015Article
- Cataloguing of Potential HIV Susceptibility Factors during the Menstrual Cycle of Pig-Tailed Macaques by Using a Systems Biology Approach.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Potential role of cervicovaginal extracellular particles in diagnosis of endometriosis.BMC veterinary research · 2015Article
- A combined oral contraceptive affects mucosal SHIV susceptibility factors in a pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) model.Journal of medical primatology · 2015Article
- Animal models of contraception: utility and limitations.Open access journal of contraception · 2015Review
- Cell-associated transmission of HIV type 1 and other lentiviruses in small-animal models.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Review
- Short communication: a repeated simian human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase/herpes simplex virus type 2 cochallenge macaque model for the evaluation of microbicides.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2014Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
problemPigtail macaques, Macaca nemestrina (PT), are more susceptible to vaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STD) than rhesus macaques (RM). However, comparative studies to explore the reasons for these differences are lacking. METHOD OF STUDY: Here, we compared differences in hormone levels and vaginal mucosal anatomy and thickness of RM and PT through different stages of the menstrual cycle. Concentrations of plasma estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) were determined weekly, and vaginal biopsies examined at days 0 and 14 of the menstrual cycle.
resultsConsistent changes in vaginal epithelial thickness occurred at different stages of the menstrual cycle. In both species, the vaginal epithelium was significantly thicker in the follicular than in luteal phase. Keratinized epithelium was strikingly much more prominent in RM, especially during the luteal phase. Further, the vaginal epithelium was significantly thinner, and the P4:E2 ratio was higher in PT during luteal phase than RM.
conclusionsStriking anatomic differences in the vaginal epithelium between rhesus and pigtail macaques combined with differences in P4:E2 ratio support the hypothesis that thinning and less keratinization of the vaginal epithelium may be involved in the greater susceptibility of pigtail macaques to vaginal transmission of SIV or other STD.
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