ReviewJournal of translational medicine2014
Milk: an exosomal microRNA transmitter promoting thymic regulatory T cell maturation preventing the development of atopy?
Review in Journal of translational medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 171 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epigenetic features of FoxP3 in children with cow's milk allergy.Clinical epigenetics · 2016Trial
- ncRNAs in breast milk of mothers with SLE: potential implications for neonatal immune development.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Breast milk miRNAs and their potential role in the development of atopy in infants.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Characterization and biological health implications of microRNAs from human milk and infant formulas.NPJ science of food · 2025Review
- Human breast milk-derived exosomes and their positive role on neonatal intestinal health.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- White Adipocyte Stem Cell Expansion Through Infant Formula Feeding: New Insights into Epigenetic Programming Explaining the Early Protein Hypothesis of Obesity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Bidirectional Interplay Among Non-Coding RNAs, the Microbiome, and the Host During Development and Diseases.Genes · 2025Review
- Therapeutic potential of human breast milk-derived exosomes in necrotizing enterocolitis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Review
- The effect of miR-23b-3p on regulating GH by targeting POU1F1 in Yanbian yellow cattle.Animal biotechnology · 2024Article
- Milk Exosome-Glow Nanosystem for Cancer Cellular and Tissue Bioimaging.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2024Article
- Unlocking the Potential of Extracellular Vesicles as the Next Generation Therapy: Challenges and Opportunities.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2024Review
- The Difference of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles from Cow Colostrum and Mature Milk on miRNAs Expression and Protecting Intestinal Epithelial Cells against Lipopolysaccharide Damage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Exosome-delivered miR-410-3p reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion of trophoblasts in spontaneous abortion.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Multi-Omics Approach to Improved Diagnosis and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- MicroRNA as a new bioactive component in breast milk.Non-coding RNA research · 2023Review
- Isolation and Characterization of Cow-, Buffalo-, Sheep- and Goat-Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.Cells · 2023Article
- Genomic, Epigenomic, Transcriptomic, Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches in Atopic Dermatitis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- Trained innate immunity, epigenetics, and food allergy.Frontiers in allergy · 2023Review
- Nanoengineering facilitating the target mission: targeted extracellular vesicles delivery systems design.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Review
- Exosome Carrier Effects; Resistance to Digestion in Phagolysosomes May Assist Transfers to Targeted Cells; II Transfers of miRNAs Are Better Analyzed via Systems Approach as They Do Not Fit Conventional Reductionist Stoichiometric Concepts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence confirmed that raw cow's milk consumption in the first year of life protects against the development of atopic diseases and increases the number of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). However, milk's atopy-protective mode of action remains elusive.This review supported by translational research proposes that milk-derived microRNAs (miRs) may represent the missing candidates that promote long-term lineage commitment of Tregs downregulating IL-4/Th2-mediated atopic sensitization and effector immune responses. Milk transfers exosomal miRs including the ancient miR-155, which is important for the development of the immune system and controls pivotal target genes involved in the regulation of FoxP3 expression, IL-4 signaling, immunoglobulin class switching to IgE and FcϵRI expression. Boiling of milk abolishes milk's exosomal miR-mediated bioactivity. Infant formula in comparison to human breast- or cow's milk is deficient in bioactive exosomal miRs that may impair FoxP3 expression. The boost of milk-mediated miR may induce pivotal immunoregulatory and epigenetic modifications required for long-term thymic Treg lineage commitment explaining the atopy-protective effect of raw cow's milk consumption.The presented concept offers a new option for the prevention of atopic diseases by the addition of physiological amounts of miR-155-enriched exosomes to infant formula for mothers incapable of breastfeeding.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.