ReviewExpert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology2014
Clinically relevant drug-drug interactions between antiretrovirals and antifungals.
Review in Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Safety of Fluconazole Mucoadhesive Patches in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Oral Candidiasis.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareTrial
- A Drug-Drug Interaction of Ainuovirine with Fluconazole in Healthy Adults and Dose Optimization Informed by Pharmacokinetics Modelling.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- LLM-Enhanced Multimodal Framework for Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Recent advances in immunopathogenesis and clinical practice: mastering the challenge-managing of non-tuberculous mycobacteria.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The impact of HIV antiretroviral therapy on gut microbiota: the need for well-designed longitudinal studies.Journal of infection in developing countries · 2024Review
- Review
- Sulfo-butyl ether β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes of bosutinib: in silico, in vitro and in vivo evaluation in attenuating the fast-fed variability.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Article
- Treatment of Invasive Aspergillosis: How It's Going, Where It's Heading.Mycopathologia · 2023Review
- Molecular Factors and Pathways of Hepatotoxicity Associated with HIV/SARS-CoV-2 Protease Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Potential drug-drug interactions of frequently prescribed medications in long COVID detected by two electronic databases.PloS one · 2023Article
- The Overview on the Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interactions of Triazoles.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Determining the burden of fungal infections in Zimbabwe.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Potential drug-drug interactions of antiretrovirals and antimicrobials detected by three databases.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Hyaluronic Acid-Targeted Stimuli-Sensitive Nanomicelles Co-Encapsulating Paclitaxel and Ritonavir to Overcome Multi-Drug Resistance in Metastatic Breast Cancer and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- ATI-2307 Exhibits Equivalent Antifungal Activity inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Aspartic peptidase ofJournal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2020Article
- Synergistic and antagonistic drug interactions in the treatment of systemic fungal infections.eLife · 2020Article
- The art and science of drug titration.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2020Review
- Influence of CYP2C19 Genotypes on the Occurrence of Adverse Drug Reactions of Voriconazole among Hematological Patients after Allo-HSCT.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2018Article
- Probing Ligand Structure-Activity Relationships in Pregnane X Receptor (PXR): Efavirenz and 8-Hydroxyefavirenz Exhibit Divergence in Activation.ChemMedChem · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionComplete delineation of the HIV-1 life cycle has resulted in the development of several antiretroviral drugs. Twenty-five therapeutic agents belonging to five different classes are currently available for the treatment of HIV-1 infections. Advent of triple combination antiretroviral therapy has significantly lowered the mortality rate in HIV patients. However, fungal infections still represent major opportunistic diseases in immunocompromised patients worldwide. AREAS COVERED: Antiretroviral drugs that target enzymes and/or proteins indispensable for viral replication are discussed in this article. Fungal infections, causative organisms, epidemiology and preferred treatment modalities are also outlined. Finally, observed/predicted drug-drug interactions between antiretrovirals and antifungals are summarized along with clinical recommendations. EXPERT OPINION: Concomitant use of amphotericin B and tenofovir must be closely monitored for renal functioning. Due to relatively weak interactive potential with the CYP450 system, fluconazole is the preferred antifungal drug. High itraconazole doses (> 200 mg/day) are not advised in patients receiving booster protease inhibitor (PI) regimen. Posaconazole is contraindicated in combination with either efavirenz or fosamprenavir. Moreover, voriconazole is contraindicated with high-dose ritonavir-boosted PI. Echinocandins may aid in overcoming the limitations of existing antifungal therapy. An increasing number of documented or predicted drug-drug interactions and therapeutic drug monitoring may aid in the management of HIV-associated opportunistic fungal infections.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.