ArticlePloS one2014
HIV-1 transcripts use IRES-initiation under conditions where Cap-dependent translation is restricted by poliovirus 2A protease.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Shifting IRES versus Cap-initiated translation during homeostatic stem cell differentiation and stress.Science advances · 2026Article
- Differentiation stage-specific use of cap-independent and cap-dependent translation initiation in hematopoiesis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The translational landscape of HIV-1 infected cells reveals key gene regulatory principles.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K promotes cap-independent translation initiation of retroviral mRNAs.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Structural and computational studies of HIV-1 RNA.RNA biology · 2024Review
- Review
- Upstream of N-Ras (Unr/CSDE1) Interacts with NCp7 and Gag, Modulating HIV-1 IRES-Mediated Translation Initiation.Viruses · 2022Article
- Anomalous HIV-1 RNA, How Cap-Methylation Segregates Viral Transcripts by Form and Function.Viruses · 2022Review
- Review
- The double-stranded RNA-binding protein, Staufen1, is an IRES-transacting factor regulating HIV-1 cap-independent translation initiation.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- HIV-1 hypermethylated guanosine cap licenses specialized translation unaffected by mTOR.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- DEAD-ly Affairs: The Roles of DEAD-Box Proteins on HIV-1 Viral RNA Metabolism.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- HibeRNAtion: HIV-1 RNA Metabolism and Viral Latency.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- CBP80/20-dependent translation initiation factor (CTIF) inhibits HIV-1 Gag synthesis by targeting the function of the viral protein Rev.RNA biology · 2021Article
- Post-translational modifications of hnRNP A1 differentially modulate retroviral IRES-mediated translation initiation.Nucleic acids research · 2020Article
- From Entry to Egress: Strategic Exploitation of the Cellular Processes by HIV-1.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Translational Control in Virus-Infected Cells.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2019Review
- A Rev-CBP80-eIF4AI complex drives Gag synthesis from the HIV-1 unspliced mRNA.Nucleic acids research · 2018Article
- mTORC1 Negatively Regulates the Replication of Classical Swine Fever Virus Through Autophagy and IRES-Dependent Translation.iScience · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The 30 different species of mRNAs synthesized during the HIV-1 replication cycle are all capped and polyadenilated. Internal ribosome entry sites have been recognized in the 5' untranslated region of some mRNA species of HIV-1, which would contribute to an alternative mechanism of initiation of mRNA translation. However, the Cap-dependent translation is assumed to be the main mechanism driving the initiation of HIV-1 protein synthesis. In this work, we describe a cell system in which lower to higher levels of transient expression of the poliovirus 2A protease strongly inhibited cellular Cap-dependent translation with no toxic effect to the cells during a 72-hour time frame. In this system, the synthesis of HIV-1 proteins was inhibited in a temporal dose-dependent way. Higher levels of 2A protease expression severely inhibited HIV-1 protein synthesis during the first 24 hours of infection consequently inhibiting viral production and infectivity. Intermediate to lower levels of 2A Protease expression caused the inhibition of viral protein synthesis only during the first 48 hours of viral replication. After this period both protein synthesis and viral release were recovered to the control levels. However, the infectivity of viral progeny was still partially inhibited. These results indicate that two mechanisms of mRNA translation initiation contribute to the synthesis of HIV-1 proteins; during the first 24-48 hours of viral replication HIV-1 protein synthesis is strongly dependent on Cap-initiation, while at later time points IRES-driven translation initiation is sufficient to produce high amounts of viral particles.
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